Unicode Concepts and Emoji Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does the Unicode Character Database (UCD) contain?

  • Character visual representations
  • Text rendering software
  • Character properties (correct)
  • Glyph images
  • What does a glyph represent in Unicode?

  • A visual representation of a character (correct)
  • A specific code point
  • A unique character name
  • An abstract character entity
  • How is the Unicode codespace organized?

  • As a continuous sequence of integers
  • In planes and non-overlapping blocks (correct)
  • Into fixed blocks and segments
  • By character usage frequency
  • What is the range of integers in the Unicode codespace?

    <p>16 to 10FFFF16 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP)?

    <p>The plane covering the first 65,536 code points (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a property identified by Unicode?

    <p>Format style (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many total code points are available in Unicode?

    <p>1,114,112 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the last four hexadecimal digits in a Unicode code point?

    <p>They signify the character's position inside a plane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Unicode?

    <p>To provide a universal character encoding standard for written characters. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not included in the Unicode standard?

    <p>Unique programming syntax. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'emoji' is derived from which language?

    <p>Japanese. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many emoji does Unicode contain as of the latest information?

    <p>3,700. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a general recommendation regarding the depiction of people or body parts in emoji?

    <p>They should have generic depictions regarding physical appearance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT represent the function of emojis?

    <p>Character representation in programming. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these writing systems is covered by Unicode?

    <p>Egyptian Hieroglyphs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Emojis are primarily used in which context?

    <p>Online communications and social media. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Unicode Consortium?

    <p>To standardize characters across platforms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the latest version of the Unicode standard as of September 2023?

    <p>15.1.0 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the Universal Coded Character Set (UCS)?

    <p>An ISO standard for character encoding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are code points typically represented in Unicode?

    <p>Using a U+ prefix and hexadecimal values (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a code point?

    <p>An integer encoding a character (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique feature of the Unicode standard compared to UCS?

    <p>Unicode provides implementation constraints (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of semantic information does Unicode associate with characters?

    <p>Character properties and rich semantics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true concerning skin tone modifiers in emoji?

    <p>Skin tone modifiers are only available for certain emojis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command can be used on Unix-like systems to determine the character encoding of text files?

    <p>file (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a tool for converting character encoding written in C?

    <p>recode (A), iconv (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these hexadecimal Unicode code points corresponds to the character 'É'?

    <p>U+00C9 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the license type for the 'iconv' tool?

    <p>LGPLv2.1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you enter Unicode characters in GTK+ applications on Linux?

    <p>ctrl + Shift + U (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the 'recode' command?

    <p>Convert encoding between different character sets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which online tool allows you to draw the Unicode character you want?

    <p>Shapecatcher (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the 'file --mime-encoding' command?

    <p>Detect the character encoding of text files (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following character encodings has a fixed-width representation?

    <p>UTF-32 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of UTF-8 encoding?

    <p>It is the most compact encoding in terms of byte usage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must follow a hexadecimal number comprised of less than six digits if a character in the range [0-9a-fA-F] comes next?

    <p>A whitespace character (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In UTF-16 encoding, how are BMP code points represented?

    <p>By 2 bytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which encoding form is less efficient for East Asian writing systems?

    <p>UTF-8 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct format for a Unicode escape sequence representing a code point using four hexadecimal digits?

    <p>\uhhhh (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does UTF stand for in character encoding?

    <p>Unicode Transformation Format (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which XML character reference format represents a Unicode character using decimal digits?

    <p>&amp;#nnnn; (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding UTF-8 encoding?

    <p>It uses 1 to 4 bytes for each code point. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What form can Unicode characters be expressed in within HTML using named character references?

    <p>&amp;name; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following escape sequences is valid for a Unicode character using a sequence of up to six hexadecimal digits?

    <p>\u{hhhhhh} (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following character encodings allows for a variable number of bytes?

    <p>UTF-8 (C), UTF-16 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is UTF-16 considered a balance between efficiency and storage?

    <p>It optimizes BMP characters and uses variable-width for others. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which form can Unicode characters in JSON be expressed?

    <p>\u{hhhhh} (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly identifies the escape sequence format for representing basic multilingual plane (BMP) Unicode characters in JSON?

    <p>\uhhhh or \u{hhhhh} (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to whitespace characters that immediately follow an escape sequence in contexts like Unicode representation?

    <p>They are ignored (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    What is Unicode?

    A standardized system for representing characters and symbols from various writing systems across the world, including ancient and modern scripts, technical symbols, and punctuation.

    What kind of characters are included in Unicode?

    Unicode encompasses a vast collection of characters from diverse writing systems, including Cherokee, Imperial Aramaic, Old Hungarian, Egyptian hieroglyphs, and even alchemical symbols.

    What are Emojis?

    Emojis, originating from Japanese mobile phones, are pictorial symbols that are now widely used worldwide to express emotions, feelings, or activities.

    How many Emojis does Unicode include?

    Unicode currently supports over 3,700 unique emojis, encompassing various categories like faces, weather, animals, and icons representing diverse actions and emotions.

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    Is the number of emojis in Unicode fixed?

    The number of unique emojis supported by Unicode is constantly growing and evolving, reflecting the ongoing development of standardized character sets.

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    What are the guidelines for depicting people in emojis?

    To promote inclusivity and avoid bias, the general recommendation for emojis depicting people or body parts is to use neutral or generic depictions with non-realistic skin tones like orange.

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    Why is Unicode important?

    Unicode is a universal character encoding standard that provides a comprehensive system to represent, process, and exchange written text across different languages, platforms, and software.

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    What does Unicode's extensive coverage ensure?

    Unicode's vast character coverage and ongoing updates ensure that it can accommodate the changing needs of digital communication and representation, guaranteeing future-proof support for diverse languages and symbols.

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    Universal Coded Character Set (UCS)

    A standard character set defined by ISO. The current version is ISO/IEC 10646:2020.

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    Codespace

    The range of integers used to represent characters in a character set.

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    Code Point

    A specific integer value that represents a character within a character set.

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    Unicode

    The standard for representing characters in computers and other devices. It uses code points to represent characters from different languages and scripts.

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    Unicode Consortium

    A non-profit organization responsible for developing and maintaining the Unicode standard.

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    Emoji Modifier

    Additional characters that can be added to some emoji to specify their skin tone.

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    Character Properties

    Properties associated with characters in Unicode, such as its category, script, and numerical value.

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    Hexadecimal Code Point Representation

    A representation of a character in Unicode using hexadecimal notation with a "U+" prefix.

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    Character Name

    A unique identifier for a character, like "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A" or "BLACK STAR". It is a string associated with a specific Unicode code point.

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    Unicode Character Database (UCD)

    The Unicode character database that contains information about character properties, like their name, general category, and casing.

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    Unicode Code Point

    A numerical representation of a character in Unicode, written in hexadecimal format (e.g., U+0041 for the letter 'A').

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    Glyph

    A visual representation of a character, like the image of a letter or symbol on a screen or printed page.

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    Plane

    A subdivision of the codespace, containing 65,536 code points. There are 17 planes in the codespace.

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    Block

    A named group of consecutive code points within a plane. Blocks group together characters used in a similar writing system or for a specific category.

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    Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP)

    The first plane in the codespace, containing the first 65,536 code points (U+0000 to U+FFFF). It includes common characters used in many modern languages.

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    What is a code point?

    A specific integer value that represents a character within a character set.

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    What is a codespace?

    The range of integers used to represent characters in a character set.

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    How do you input Unicode characters on Linux?

    In GTK+ applications on Linux, you can enter Unicode characters by typing ctrl + + U followed by the hexadecimal Unicode code point.

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    Who manages Unicode?

    A non-profit organization responsible for developing and maintaining the Unicode standard.

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    What is a character encoding conversion tool?

    A program that converts characters between different encodings.

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    What does the 'iconv' tool do?

    It displays a list of supported character encodings and can convert text files from one encoding to another.

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    What does the 'recode' tool do?

    A command-line tool to convert text files between different character encodings.

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    What is a string?

    In programming, a string is a sequence of characters, such as letters, numbers, and symbols, treated as a single unit. It represents textual data and is enclosed within quotation marks.

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    What are escape sequences?

    Escape sequences are special character combinations used within strings to represent characters that are difficult or impossible to type directly, such as newlines, tabs, and special symbols.

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    What is a Unicode escape sequence?

    A Unicode escape sequence is a way to represent Unicode characters within text using a special code format starting with '\u' followed by four hexadecimal digits.

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    What is hexadecimal?

    A hexadecimal number system uses base-16, with digits 0-9 and A-F representing values from 0 to 15. It's commonly used in computer systems.

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    How are Unicode characters represented in some languages?

    In some programming languages, a backslash followed by a sequence of up to six hexadecimal digits enclosed in curly braces can represent a Unicode character.

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    What are character references?

    Character references are a way to represent Unicode characters within XML and HTML files using special codes starting with '&#' followed by either decimal or hexadecimal digits.

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    What are named character references?

    Named character references are a way to represent specific Unicode characters within HTML using predefined names like '&' for the ampersand symbol.

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    What is UTF?

    The Unicode Transformation Format (UTF) is a family of character encoding forms supporting all characters in the Unicode standard, including all the world's writing systems.

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    What is UTF-32?

    UTF-32 represents each Unicode character using 4 bytes, making it simple and efficient for processing. However, its fixed-width nature uses more storage space.

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    What is UTF-16?

    UTF-16 uses either 2 or 4 bytes per character, optimized for encoding characters within the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP). This makes it generally efficient for text, but the variable width can be slightly less efficient for processing.

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    How does UTF-16 handle characters outside of the BMP?

    UTF-16 uses 2 bytes for characters within the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP) and 4 bytes for characters outside of the BMP.

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    What is UTF-8?

    UTF-8, using 1 to 4 bytes per Unicode character, prioritizes compactness, especially for English text. However, it can be less efficient for languages like Chinese, Japanese, and Korean that use many characters outside the ASCII range.

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    How does UTF-8 handle English characters?

    UTF-8 represents English characters (ASCII) using a single byte, while other characters use more bytes as needed.

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    Why is UTF-8 the most popular encoding?

    UTF-8 is the most common text encoding because it is flexible and compact, using fewer bytes on average. It balances efficiency and memory usage.

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    How does UTF-8 handle East Asian characters?

    UTF-8 can be less efficient for languages like Chinese, Japanese, and Korean because these languages use many characters outside the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), requiring more bytes per character.

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    Study Notes

    Unicode Overview

    • Unicode is a universal character encoding standard for written characters and text.
    • It covers all writing systems, both modern and ancient.
    • It includes technical symbols, punctuation, and other characters used in writing.
    • Unicode is widely used and supported.

    Unicode Coverage

    • Examples of covered writing systems include Cherokee, Imperial Aramaic, Old Hungarian, and Egyptian hieroglyphs.
    • Also included are emoticons and alchemical symbols.
    • Specific URLs for each example are provided in the presentation.

    Emojis (1)

    • Emojis are "picture characters" originally associated with mobile phone usage in Japan.
    • Now, they are popular worldwide.
    • Emojis originate from the Japanese word 絵文字 (e-moji).
    • 絵 (e) means picture and 文字 (moji) means character.
    • They are pictographs typically presented in color and used inline in text.
    • They represent various things like faces, weather, vehicles, buildings, food and drink, animals and plants, emotions, feelings, and activities.
    • Further information and frequently asked questions are available.

    Emojis (2)

    • Unicode contains 3,700+ emojis, as of the presentation date.
    • Information about the total number of emojis is available via a link provided in the document.
    • Further information on emojis and pictographs is also provided via links in the document.

    Emojis (3)

    • The general recommendation for emojis depicting people or body parts is neutral or generic depictions of physical appearance.
    • Non-realistic skin tones should be avoided.
    • Many emojis can be followed by emoji modifier characters to specify one of five possible skin tones.

    Standard

    • Developed by the Unicode Consortium, a non-profit organization.
    • The current Unicode standard is version 15.1.0, released on September 12, 2023.
    • The next version is planned for release on September 10, 2024, and will be version 16.0.0.
    • It introduces 5185 new characters.
    • Specific URLs for further information are provided for each point.

    Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) (1)

    • A standard character set, defined by ISO.
    • The current standard is ISO/IEC 10646:2020.
    • The set details universal coded characters

    Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) (2)

    • Developed in conjunction with Unicode.
    • The characters and their code points in both standards are the same.
    • Unicode imposes constraints on implementations to ensure uniform character treatment across platforms and applications.
    • Further information is available via a provided link.

    Basic Concepts

    • Codespace: the range of integers used to encode characters.
    • Code point: an element of the codespace, representing an integer encoding of a character.

    Code Points

    • Referencing code points typically involves hexadecimal notation using four to six digits with a U+ prefix.
    • Leading zeros are omitted unless the code point requires fewer than four digits for representation in hexadecimal.
    • Examples of code points are given in the presentation.

    Properties

    • Unicode associates semantics with characters (code points).
    • Character properties define these semantics and include more than 100 different categories.
    • Categories include name, general category (letter, number, symbol, punctuation), and case (uppercase, lowercase, titlecase).
    • A link providing further details on Unicode Character Database (UCD) is available.

    Character Names

    • Each character is named such as LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A (for U+0041).
    • Links to detailed information on specific characters are included in the presentation.

    Characters and Glyphs

    • Unicode code points represent abstract character entities.
    • A glyph is a visual representation of the characters.
    • The Unicode standard does not define glyph images.
    • Rendering of characters is handled by software or hardware (as specified in the presentation).

    Codespace

    • The codespace encompasses integers from 016 through 10FFFF16.
    • The current number of used code points is 149,186 out of 1,114,112 total.
    • Character code charts are available via a provided URL.

    Planes and Blocks

    • Codespace is segmented into planes, each containing 65,536 code points.
    • The last four hexadecimal digits in a code point determine its position within a plane.
    • The total number of planes is 17.
    • Planes are comprised of non-overlapping character blocks, each containing a multiple of 16 code points.
    • Characters within a writing system may be dispersed among various blocks within a plane.

    Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP)

    • The BMP encompasses the first 65,536 code points (U+0000 to U+FFFF, Plane 0).
    • It contains common-use characters for most modern writing systems, along with many historical and rare characters.
    • Most text data utilizes characters within the BMP.

    Character Encodings

    • Unicode defines UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32 character encodings.
    • Each form can represent all Unicode characters.
    • UTF stands for Unicode Transformation Format.

    UTF-32

    • Each code point is represented by four bytes (fixed-width).
    • It’s the most straightforward encoding form.
    • It's most efficient in terms of processing, but least efficient in terms of storage size.

    UTF-16

    • Code points are usually represented by 2 bytes (within the BMP), or 4 bytes.
    • It effectively treats BMP characters as fixed-width.
    • Balancing efficient access with storage economy.

    UTF-8 (1)

    • Variable width character encoding (1 to 4 bytes).
    • ASCII characters (U+0000 through U+007F) are represented by a single byte.
    • U+0080 to U+07FF are represented using two bytes.
    • All other characters inside the BMP require three bytes.
    • Characters outside the BMP use four bytes.
    • The first byte indicates the number of bytes in the sequence.

    UTF-8 (2)

    • The most compact encoding form.
    • Less efficient when used with East Asian scripts (Chinese, Japanese, Korean, etc.).

    Byte Order (1)

    • UTF-16 and UTF-32 encoding forms require specifying byte order (big-endian or little-endian).
    • Unicode defines seven encoding schemes (UTF-8, and variants of UTF-16 and UTF-32) considering byte order.

    Byte Order (2)

    • A byte order mark (BOM) (U+FEFF) precedes the text content in UTF-16 and UTF-32 encoding schemes to indicate the byte order.
    • BOMs should be removed before processing the text..
    • The presentation shows different sequence examples for different byte orders (big-endian and little-endian).

    ISO/IEC 8859

    • 8-bit character encoding standards (ISO/IEC 8859-1 to 8859-16).
    • Relevant encoding sets for Hungary include ISO/IEC 8859-1 (Latin-1) for Western European languages and ISO/IEC 8859-2 (Latin-2) suitable for Central European languages (Albanian, Bosnian, Czech, Croatian, Polish, Hungarian, German, Romanian, Serbian, Slovakian, Slovenian, and Sorbian).

    Unicode and Programming Languages

    • Modern programming languages are typically based on Unicode, using Unicode characters in program source code.
    • Examples of relevant languages are C#, ECMAScript, Java, Kotlin, Python, Swift, and others..

    CSS

    • Unicode characters can be specified using escape sequences like \hhhhhh (one to six hexadecimal digits).
    • Shortened sequences may also be used, followed by a whitespace character.
    • Whitespace after certain escape sequences is ignored

    ECMAScript

    • String literals and identifiers can use Unicode escape sequences like \uhhhh (four hexadecimal digits). or \u{hhhhhh} (one to six digits).

    JSON

    • Unicode characters in the BMP can be encoded using escape sequences of the form \uhhhh (four hexadecimal digits).

    XML/XHTML

    • Text content, attribute values and literal entity values can utilize Unicode character references (like &#nnnn; or &#xhhhh;)

    HTML

    • HTML uses named character references (like &name;) to represent Unicode characters.
    • Examples (including É, é, ☆) show the use.

    Unicode Input

    • On Linux systems, within GTK+ applications, Unicode characters can be input using Ctrl + Shift + U followed by the hexadecimal Unicode code point.
    • Links to resources are provided for further details.

    Character Encoding Detection

    • On Unix-like systems, the file command can be used to detect the character encoding of text files.
    • Example is provide for using file command

    Conversion Tools (1)

    • iconv is a command-line tool for converting between different character encodings.
    • Website, repository and licensing details are provided.
    • Shows how it is used (iconv) with example command.

    Conversion Tools (2)

    • Recode is a multi-purpose tool for converting between different character encodings.
    • Website, repository and licensing details are provided.
    • Shows how it is used (recode) with example command.

    Online Tools

    • Links are provided to online tools for drawing Unicode characters.
    • Links are also provided to sites for searching and looking up Unicode character values.
    • "Programming with Unicode" by Victor Stinner.
    • Links provided to resources.

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    Unicode Presentation PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the Unicode Character Database and the representation of emojis. This quiz covers various aspects of Unicode, including its organization, code points, and the properties it recognizes. Challenge yourself and learn more about the significance of Unicode in digital communication!

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