Unicellular Organisms and Amoeba

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Questions and Answers

All living organisms are made up of ______.

cells

You need to use a ______ to observe cells in detail.

microscope

The objective lens and eyepiece lens work together to provide total ______.

magnification

The ______ holds the specimen in place while it is being observed.

<p>stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

To bring the object into clarity, turn the ______ knobs.

<p>focusing</p> Signup and view all the answers

All living organisms are made of ______.

<p>cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Robert Hooke looked at a thin slice of cork through a ______.

<p>microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

To make a good observation, the object must be thin enough for ______ to travel through it.

<p>light</p> Signup and view all the answers

The total magnification is calculated by multiplying the eyepiece lens magnification by the ______ lens magnification.

<p>objective</p> Signup and view all the answers

Looking carefully and in detail at an object is called making an ______.

<p>observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cells are the smallest units found in a ______.

<p>organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

To see a very small object in detail, you need to use a ______.

<p>microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

About 100 animal cells would fit across the width of a tiny ______.

<p>full stop</p> Signup and view all the answers

The main function of the ______ in an animal cell is to control the cell and contain genetic material.

<p>nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plant cells have an additional structure called the ______, which provides support and protection.

<p>cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they are where ______ occurs.

<p>respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chloroplasts are found in ______ cells and are responsible for photosynthesis.

<p>plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ serves as a barrier that controls what enters and exits the cell.

<p>cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plant cells contain a rigid ______ made of cellulose.

<p>cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is responsible for conducting photosynthesis by capturing energy from the sun.

<p>chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

A large ______ in plant cells helps maintain the cell's shape by holding cell sap.

<p>vacuole</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ functions to control the activities of the cell.

<p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mitochondria are the organelles that conduct respiration and release ______ for cell activities.

<p>energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ controls what goes in and out of the cell.

<p>cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

The prefix ______ means 'light' or 'relating to light.'

<p>photo</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plant cell types like ______ contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

<p>leaf cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sperm cells carry male genetic ______.

<p>material</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leaf cells near the top of a leaf are packed with ______ for photosynthesis.

<p>chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Root hair cells create a large surface area for absorbing ______ and nutrients.

<p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

The long tail of a sperm cell enables ______.

<p>movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

Specialized cells have unique ______ to perform their functions.

<p>features</p> Signup and view all the answers

Euglena can make their own food through ______ if there is enough light.

<p>photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Euglena reproduce by ______ fission, where the nucleus divides first.

<p>binary</p> Signup and view all the answers

Euglena have ______, which allow them to perform photosynthesis.

<p>chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Unlike amoebas, euglenas have a ______ that helps them move towards light.

<p>flagellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Both euglenas and amoebas have a ______, which is crucial for cell function and reproduction.

<p>nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water diffuses into the plant through ______ hair cells.

<p>root</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants need water for ______.

<p>photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

The movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called ______.

<p>diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

A lack of sufficient water causes the vacuoles to ______, making the cells floppy.

<p>shrink</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ fills with water to help maintain the shape and rigidity of the plant cell.

<p>vacuole</p> Signup and view all the answers

If plants do not have enough water, they will ______.

<p>wilt</p> Signup and view all the answers

The diffusion of water molecules is specifically referred to as ______.

<p>osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Burnt toast particles start with a higher concentration in the kitchen and spread into the ______.

<p>hallway</p> Signup and view all the answers

A specialised cell has changed its shape or structure to perform a specific ______.

<p>function</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nerve cells, also known as ______, carry electrical impulses around the body.

<p>neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Red blood cells transport ______ throughout the body.

<p>oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sperm cells have a head and a long ______, enabling them to swim to the egg.

<p>tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leaf cells are long and thin to provide a large surface area for ______.

<p>photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Root hair cells are designed to absorb ______ and minerals from the soil.

<p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

Red blood cells lack a ______, which distinguishes them from most animal cells.

<p>nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sciatic nerve is the largest and longest ______ in the body.

<p>nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

Substances move in and out of cells by __________.

<p>diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

During respiration, energy is transferred from __________ and oxygen.

<p>glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water diffuses into plants through the __________.

<p>roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carbon dioxide passes out of the cell into the __________.

<p>blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

The concentration of a substance means the number of particles of a substance present in an __________.

<p>area</p> Signup and view all the answers

If plants are not watered, the cells inside will lose __________.

<p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

Particles move from areas of high concentration to areas of __________ concentration.

<p>low</p> Signup and view all the answers

The smell of burnt toast spreads from the kitchen to the rest of the house due to __________.

<p>diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

When carbon dioxide is produced in cells, it needs to be transported out to maintain __________ balance.

<p>gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants require a constant supply of water to prevent __________.

<p>wilting</p> Signup and view all the answers

A unicellular organism is made up of only one __________.

<p>cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

The structure that controls the growth and reproduction of the amoeba is called the __________.

<p>nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Amoebas use __________ to move and capture food.

<p>pseudopods</p> Signup and view all the answers

A __________ is a tail-like structure that euglena use for movement.

<p>flagellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Euglenas can produce food using __________, which trap light energy.

<p>chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Naegleria fowleri amoeba is commonly referred to as the __________ amoeba.

<p>brain-eating</p> Signup and view all the answers

Euglenas can reproduce by __________ themselves.

<p>splitting</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ surrounds the amoeba and provides structure to the cell.

<p>cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Unicellular Organisms

  • Unicellular organisms are made up of only one cell.
  • They are not classified as plants or animals.
  • Early organisms on Earth were unicellular.
  • Many organisms today are still single-celled.

Amoeba

  • An amoeba is a single-celled organism that lacks a fixed shape.
  • It resembles a blob of jelly.
  • Amoebas can be found in freshwater, saltwater, soil, and even inside animals.

Amoeba Structures

  • Cell membrane: Encloses the amoeba.
  • Cytoplasm: The material inside the cell membrane.
  • Nucleus: Controls the amoeba's growth and reproduction.
  • Contractile vacuole: Removes water and waste.
  • Food vacuole: Stores food particles.
  • Pseudopod: Extension of the cell membrane that aids in movement and capturing food.

Amoeba Movement and Feeding

  • Amoebas move by altering their body shape.
  • They extend pseudopods in their desired direction of travel, followed by the rest of the cell.
  • Amoebas capture food by extending pseudopods to surround it, forming a food vacuole.

Similarities with Animal Cells

  • Amoebas share two structures with animal cells:
    • Nucleus
    • Cell membrane

Euglena

  • A Euglena is a microscopic, single-celled organism.
  • It possesses a flagellum, a tail-like structure used for locomotion.
  • Euglena also have a chloroplast, used for photosynthesis.
  • They have a red eye spot that helps them to detect light.

Euglena Feeding

  • Euglena, like amoebas, contain chloroplasts.
  • They use these chloroplasts to trap light energy for food production.
  • If light is unavailable, euglenas can also feed by engulfing bacteria.

Euglena

  • Microscopic, unicellular organism found in freshwater.
  • Contains a nucleus, chloroplast, contractile vacuole, flagellum, and an eye spot.
  • Can produce food through photosynthesis in the presence of light.
  • Can consume other microorganisms like bacteria and algae for food in the absence of light.
  • Reproduces through binary fission:
    • Nucleus divides first.
    • Cytoplasm divides, creating two identical cells.

Differences between Euglena and Amoeba

  • Euglena: have chloroplasts (photosynthesis), a flagellum, and an eye spot.
  • Amoeba: lacks chloroplasts, flagellum, and eye spot.

Naegleria fowleri

  • A type of amoeba known as the brain-eating amoeba.
  • Found in warm, freshwater environments.
  • Rarely found in humans.

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