Understanding Variability in Disease Risk

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Questions and Answers

What did the World Health Organization (WHO) define health as?

  • The absence of disease
  • Complete physical, mental, and social well-being (correct)
  • Lack of infirmity
  • Soundness of body

What is the main issue with the WHO's definition of health?

  • The ambiguity surrounding the term 'complete' (correct)
  • Difficult quantification of 'absence'
  • Lack of agreement on the term 'disease'
  • Challenges in defining 'infirmity'

What is the duty of a doctor working in a hospital, as mentioned in the text?

  • Understanding disease circumstances (correct)
  • Ensuring financial stability
  • Counseling patients
  • Managing hospital staff

Are health and disease following an all-or-none pattern, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Yes, always (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the text define health?

<p>Combination of physical and mental wellness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is the distribution of disease random in the population, according to the text?

<p>No, never (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which attribute of optimal health ensures the physical aspect of health?

<p>Anatomical integrity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does disease result from according to the text?

<p>Abnormal structure or function due to failure to overcome external stress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dimension of health includes the feeling of well-being?

<p>Mental dimension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate end of the health spectrum described in the text?

<p>Death (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of health involves the ability to do normal duties at various levels?

<p>Vocational dimension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a reversible abnormality in the body?

<p>Success in adaptation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of ecology of health?

<p>Study of all factors in the environment affecting health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor related to the host in the ecology of health?

<p>Type of disease agent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can doctors working within hospitals not modify according to the text?

<p>Circumstances surrounding disease processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the ecology of health, what factors are considered related to the environment?

<p>Physical, chemical, biological, social dimensions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a genetically determined disease mentioned in the text?

<p>Thalassaemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor considered related to the disease agent in ecology of health?

<p>Dose and duration of exposure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main intervention in primordial prevention?

<p>Individual and mass education (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of primary prevention measures?

<p>Good housing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of secondary prevention?

<p>Reduce length of illness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is NOT part of secondary prevention?

<p>Immunization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of tertiary prevention?

<p>Limitation of disability and rehabilitation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of prevention is applied after the onset of disease?

<p>Secondary prevention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the risk of disease not the same for every individual in a population?

<p>Because environmental situations and genetic differences contribute to variation in disease risk. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the variability in the age of onset of diseases like diabetes mellitus suggest?

<p>It reflects variation in exposure and susceptibility of individuals to the disease. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can explain the higher prevalence of hypertension in many industrialized countries compared to underdeveloped countries?

<p>Variation in risk factors and causes of ill health between populations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do many people spend their lives without developing diseases like diabetes mellitus?

<p>Because exposure and susceptibility to diseases vary among individuals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the variation in the risk of disease among different populations?

<p>Differences in environmental conditions and genetic makeup across populations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it inaccurate to assume that every individual in a population will develop a particular disease at a given age?

<p>'Because the age at which some people develop a disease varies due to differences in exposure and susceptibility. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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