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Questions and Answers
Which type of values are personal standards of beauty as seen in nature, art, music, and personal appearance?
What are values that are closely linked with an individual's personality?
What are values that refer to certain behaviors and beliefs shared within specific cultures and social groups?
Which type of values are the standards of what is acceptable or unacceptable, important or unimportant, right or wrong in a society?
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What are values that refer to the process of reflecting on non-material dimensions of life and acquiring insights into personal experiences?
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Which type of values are similar in practice among different cultures throughout the whole world?
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What are the ideas and beliefs about life that guide us to do what we do and be what we are, according to the text?
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What is the term used for values that demoralize and undermine human growth and development?
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Which type of values encompass those that society expects of individuals for its proper function, such as justice, consideration, and solidarity?
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What type of values relate to an individual's personality development, such as integrity, honesty, and trust?
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Which of the following is NOT a major value mentioned in the text?
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Which type of values ensure equal social, political, and religious rights to all individuals?
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Which of the following definitions of 'value' is the most correct?
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What are 'Terminal Values' according to the text?
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Which source of values is related to facilitating informed decision-making, autonomy, and self-efficacy in individuals?
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Which value involves acknowledging the worth and dignity of all individuals while respecting their autonomy?
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What are 'Instrumental Values' according to the text?
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What is the term for interacting authentically and honestly while fostering trust and credibility in relationships?
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Study Notes
Types of Values
- Dominant values are closely linked to an individual's personality and influence personal beliefs, behaviors, and perceptions.
- Moral values are standards an individual holds for themselves but doesn't force on others.
- Aesthetic values are personal standards of beauty seen in nature, art, music, and personal appearance.
- Performance values are benchmarks an individual sets for themselves, such as accuracy, speed, and self-discipline.
- Cultural values are standards of what is acceptable or unacceptable in a society, including traditions, language, beliefs, customs, arts, literature, and laws.
- Family values are based on a universally defined value system nurtured and cultivated within a family system.
- Social values are shared beliefs and behaviors within specific cultures and social groups.
- Spiritual values refer to reflecting on non-material dimensions of life and acquiring personal insights.
- Trans-cultural values are similar practices among different cultures worldwide.
Other Value-Related Concepts
- Democratic values respect individuality, ensure equal social, political, and religious rights, and respect democratic institutions.
- Dis-values are values that demoralize and undermine human growth and development.
- Material values relate to basic needs such as food, clothing, and protection from the environment.
- Respect involves acknowledging the inherent worth and dignity of all individuals and honoring their autonomy and boundaries.
- Empathy is understanding and sharing the feelings, experiences, and perspectives of others with compassion and without judgment.
- Genuineness involves interacting authentically and honestly, staying true to oneself while fostering trust and credibility in relationships.
- Client empowerment involves facilitating informed decision-making, autonomy, and self-efficacy in individuals to achieve their goals.
- Outcome-focused involves setting clear objectives and measurable goals to maximize effectiveness and achieve desired results.
Sources of Values
- Family is a significant source of values.
- Friends and peers, community or society, school, media, books, history, religion, and organizations also influence values.
Definitions of Values
- Values are beliefs that something is good and desirable (M. Haralambos).
- Values are ideas in the mind of men compared to norms that specify how people should behave (Zaleznik and David T.W.).
- Values are socially approved desires and goals that are internalized through conditioning, learning, or socialization (R.K. Mukherjee).
- Values are conscious or unconscious motivators and justifiers of actions and judgment (T.W. Hippie).
Categories of Values
- Personal/Individual values contribute to an individual's personality development, such as integrity, honesty, and trust.
- Collective values encompass those that society expects of individuals for its proper function, such as justice, consideration, and solidarity.
Terminal and Instrumental Values
- Terminal values refer to desirable end-states of existence, the goals a person would like to achieve during their lifetime.
- Instrumental values are associated with behaviors that help individuals achieve their terminal values.
- Intrinsic values are related to goals of life and are sometimes known as "Ultimate and Transcendent Values".
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Description
Explore the concept of values and beliefs that shape our actions and identity in life. Learn how values are internalized through conditioning, learning, and socialization. Reflect on the significance of values as guiding principles in our lives.
