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Questions and Answers
A person who refuses to steal because it is a disrespect of other people's property is acting based on a belief or principle.
A person who refuses to steal because it is a disrespect of other people's property is acting based on a belief or principle.
True
Values can be defined as the ability of the mind to find reasons and justify actions.
Values can be defined as the ability of the mind to find reasons and justify actions.
False
People are predisposed to adopt values they are raised with, and conflicts arise when people have different conflicting values.
People are predisposed to adopt values they are raised with, and conflicts arise when people have different conflicting values.
True
In ethics, a value is a universal belief shared by all cultures.
In ethics, a value is a universal belief shared by all cultures.
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Sacred values like patriotism and religiosity are considered sacred by all individuals regardless of their beliefs.
Sacred values like patriotism and religiosity are considered sacred by all individuals regardless of their beliefs.
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Ethical decision making involves evaluating and choosing which value to prioritize over others.
Ethical decision making involves evaluating and choosing which value to prioritize over others.
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Cultural relativism advocates for judging all cultural practices as correct and not distinguishing between right and wrong.
Cultural relativism advocates for judging all cultural practices as correct and not distinguishing between right and wrong.
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Under cultural relativism, it is acceptable to interfere with the rights of vulnerable individuals like women and children.
Under cultural relativism, it is acceptable to interfere with the rights of vulnerable individuals like women and children.
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Subjectivism in ethics emphasizes the individual as the center of moral valuations.
Subjectivism in ethics emphasizes the individual as the center of moral valuations.
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Universal values play a significant role in cultural relativism.
Universal values play a significant role in cultural relativism.
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Cultural relativism discourages rendering moral judgments on other cultures.
Cultural relativism discourages rendering moral judgments on other cultures.
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Ethical decision making under subjectivism places a strong emphasis on collective moral values rather than individual perspectives.
Ethical decision making under subjectivism places a strong emphasis on collective moral values rather than individual perspectives.
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Universal values can include religiosity, generosity, love of family, and kindness.
Universal values can include religiosity, generosity, love of family, and kindness.
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Institutions usually do not have core values to guide them in achieving their vision and mission.
Institutions usually do not have core values to guide them in achieving their vision and mission.
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Aesthetics refer to judgments of personal approval or disapproval related to artistic or creative choices.
Aesthetics refer to judgments of personal approval or disapproval related to artistic or creative choices.
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Value judgments always involve ethical behavior or morality.
Value judgments always involve ethical behavior or morality.
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Etiquette judgments are serious enough to belong to a discussion of ethics.
Etiquette judgments are serious enough to belong to a discussion of ethics.
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Decision-making on what to wear, what to eat, and what course to take are examples where value judgments are made.
Decision-making on what to wear, what to eat, and what course to take are examples where value judgments are made.
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Study Notes
Values and Value Judgments
- Values are universal, such as love, religiosity, generosity, love of family, kindness, and honesty, which guide institutions in achieving their vision and mission.
- Valuations are judgments or decisions made about a particular thing, activity, attitude, belief, or practice, also referred to as value judgments.
- Examples of value judgments include:
- Aesthetics: judgments made about artistic or creative choices, such as personal preferences for colors, smells, or tastes.
- Etiquette: judgments made about certain actions, not involving ethical behavior or morality.
Types of Values
- Values can be:
- Intrinsic: having inherent worth, such as love, truth, and freedom.
- Instrumental: achieving goals, such as ambition, courage, and responsibility.
- Sacred: considered moral imperatives, such as patriotism and religiosity.
Ethical Decision Making
- Involves weighing values against each other and choosing which value to elevate.
- Values guide individuals in making moral judgments.
Cultural Relativism
- The problem of cultural relativism arises when considering that all cultural practices are correct and should not be judged.
- This leads to difficulties in distinguishing right from wrong, negating the universality of goodness and intrinsic values.
- Cultural relativism can also lead to the abuse of vulnerable individuals' rights, as external cultures may not interfere.
The Senses of the Self
- The three senses of the self are:
- Subjectivism: the individual thinking person is at the heart of moral valuations, making decisions and judgments.
- (Other senses not mentioned in the provided text)
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Description
Explore the concepts of valuations and value judgments, which involve making judgments or decisions about things, activities, attitudes, beliefs, and practices. Discover how core values shape institutions and guide vision and mission.
