Understanding URLs
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a URL?

  • To specify the file name of the resource being accessed
  • To instruct the browser on how to access a resource on the internet (correct)
  • To provide a username and password for authentication
  • To define the port number for the server connection

    • What is the purpose of the 'scheme' component in a URL?

  • To specify the domain name of the server
  • To provide a username and password for authentication
  • To define the path of the resource being accessed
  • To instruct on what protocol to use for accessing the resource (correct)

    • What is the function of the 'query string' component in a URL?

  • To instruct the browser on how to access a resource on the internet
  • To specify the port number for the server connection
  • To define the path of the resource being accessed
  • To provide extra bits of information to the requested path (correct)

    • What is the purpose of the 'fragment' component in a URL?

    <p>To reference a location on the actual page requested</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the default port number used for HTTP connections?

    <p>80</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'Host' header in an HTTP request?

    <p>To specify the website being requested</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the HTTP status code '200 OK' indicate?

    <p>The request has completed successfully</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'Referer' header in an HTTP request?

    <p>To specify the webpage that referred to the current webpage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum amount of information required to make a request to a web server?

    <p>The HTTP method, the requested page, and the HTTP protocol version</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the blank line at the end of an HTTP request?

    <p>To inform the web server that the request has finished</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    URL Structure

    • A URL is an instruction on how to access a resource on the internet.
    • A URL consists of: scheme, user, host, port, path, query string, and fragment.

    URL Components

    • Scheme: The protocol to use for accessing the resource (e.g. HTTP, HTTPS, FTP).
    • User: The username and password for authentication (optional).
    • Host: The domain name or IP address of the server (e.g. tryhackme.com).
    • Port: The port number to connect to (e.g. 80 for HTTP, 443 for HTTPS).
    • Path: The file name or location of the resource (e.g. /view-room).
    • Query String: Extra information sent to the requested path (e.g. ?id=1).
    • Fragment: A reference to a location on the actual page requested (e.g. #task3).

    Making a Request

    • A request can be made with a single line "GET / HTTP/1.1".
    • Additional data can be sent in headers, which contain extra information for the web server.

    Request and Response Breakdown

    • Request:
      • GET method requests the home page.
      • Host header specifies the website (e.g. tryhackme.com).
      • User-Agent header specifies the browser (e.g. Mozilla/5.0 Firefox/87.0).
      • Referer header specifies the referring webpage (e.g. https://tryhackme.com/).
    • Response:
      • HTTP version and HTTP Status Code (e.g. HTTP/1.1 200 OK).
      • Server information (e.g. Server: nginx/1.15.8).
      • Date and time of the response (e.g. Date: Fri, 09 Apr 2021 13:34:03 GMT).
      • Content type and length (e.g. Content-Type: text/html, Content-Length: 98).

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    Description

    Quiz on URLs, also known as Uniform Resource Locators, and how they instruct browsers to access resources on the internet.

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