Understanding Universe and Ecological Concepts

<p>Alfred Russell Wallace (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stable periods interrupted by rapid changes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is directional and universal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid and unpredictable transformative events. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phyletic Gradualism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The impact of population, affluence, and technology on the environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Technology cannot affect the outcomes of resource availability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The total population or amount of resources that can be sustained in a given area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural disasters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It exhibits an S-shaped curve until it reaches carrying capacity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Affluence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He underestimated the role of technology and innovation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interactions among the atmosphere, geosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Population size (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relationship between affluence and environmental impacts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They work as a stable, self-regulating system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Population dynamics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It tends to cause divergence and change. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural regrowth and the attainment of a climax community. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developed nations are responsible for most environmental problems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It results in complex and unpredictable ecosystem dynamics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Globalization and trade (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The development of greener technologies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decadal weather patterns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It must balance economic growth with environmental sustainability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Change is a fundamental and intrinsic property of various systems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It studies interactions among human, chemical, and biological components. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural heritage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can result in unpredictable and irreversible shifts at tipping points. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impact (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon Dioxide (CO2) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The retention of heat in the Earth's atmosphere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>George Perkins Marsh (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The multifaceted nature of interactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They trap heat energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficulties in quantification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sharp increase in CO2 levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon dioxide (CO2) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>North America and Europe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are becoming less efficient carbon sinks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The prevailing cosmological model for the universe's beginning.

Total entropy (disorder) always increases in closed systems.

Earth's history shaped by slow, continuous processes.

Earth's history shaped by rare, unpredictable events.

Large evolutionary changes happen gradually over long time.

Evolutionary changes happen rapidly after long periods of stability.

The process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

A break in a sedimentary rock record.

Earth's atmosphere and biosphere form a stable, self-regulating system enduring for millions of years.

Future outcomes depend on initial conditions; climate is unpredictable.

Tends towards convergence and equilibrium.

Tends towards divergence and change.

Disturbed ecosystems pass through predictable stages to a final 'climax' state.

Essential for ecosystem change; can lead to unpredictable, even irreversible shifts.

Interdisciplinary field studying Earth as an integrated system of interacting physical, chemical, biological, and human components.

Extraterrestrial impacts, planetary cycles, geologic processes, evolutionary change, climatic cycles, random weather, and population dynamics.

A model that describes the relationship between human impact (I) on the environment and population (P), affluence (A), and technology (T).

The maximum population size of a species that a particular environment can sustain.

A growth pattern that starts off exponentially but then levels off as it approaches the carrying capacity.

Environmental change caused by human activities.

The idea that population growth will eventually outpace resource availability, leading to negative consequences like famine.

Size of human population influenced by births, deaths, immigration and emigration.

Level of wealth and consumption within a society.

Tools and processes used to produce and consume resources, which can influence the impact.

Wealthier nations may take advantage of less developed countries' environments while protecting their own.

Technological advancements, especially those related to fossil fuels, are major drivers of environmental change.

Humans shape the environment and are, in turn, shaped by it.

A pioneer in environmental studies, he highlighted humanity's impact on the Earth.

The trapping of heat energy by certain atmospheric gases, like CO2 and methane, leading to a warming effect.

A long-term shift in global weather patterns primarily caused by human activities.

Gases in the atmosphere, such as CO2 and methane, that trap heat energy, contributing to the greenhouse effect.

The idea that a specific environment can only support a certain number of individuals; it's an incomplete idea since it often ignores factors like cultural adaptation or technological advancements.

Population isn't just about size and growth; it's about the complex interplay of factors like culture, technology, global trade, and institutional structures.

A debate on the relative contributions of population size and consumption patterns in environmental change.

A theory suggesting environmental damage initially increases with affluence but then decreases. This model may not always hold true, as international trade can affect results.

Affluence (high levels of consumption and economic activity), plays a major role in shaping environmental change.

India argues that developed countries are responsible for much of current environmental problems, and they should not face restrictions as they work to improve their people's lives.

India, despite a large population, has lower per-capita emissions compared to developed nations.

A graph tracking the rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) since the late 1950s, demonstrating the increasing concentration of this greenhouse gas.

Natural systems like forests, grasslands, soils, and oceans that absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. They act as a buffer against rising CO2 levels.

The gradual increase in Earth's overall average temperature due to the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

While current emissions are important, historical emissions are equally crucial. Developed countries like those in North America and Europe have contributed the most to climate change.