Understanding the Social Institution of Media

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What is the correct plural form of 'medium'?

Medias

Media (correct)

Medii

Mediums

What is the role of a medium according to the text?

To create a disconnect

To provide immediate experiences

To distort information

To connect two points (correct)

Why are the media sometimes described as 'our culture'?

Because they are not part of our culture

Because they require special education to understand

Because they are a recent cultural phenomenon

Because they widely appeal to everyone (correct)

What are some characteristics of mass media highlighted in the text?

Communication from one sender to many receivers Signup and view all the answers

Which adjective best describes audiences of mass media as mentioned in the text?

Anonymous Signup and view all the answers

What is the main distinction between pull media and push media?

Pull media are controlled by the receivers, while push media push information. Signup and view all the answers

How is new media different from mass media based on the text?

New media are targeted and demassified. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of new media, what does 'technologically convergent' refer to?

The integration of various functions into one device Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate form of interactivity described in the text regarding new media?

Producing and consuming media content Signup and view all the answers

How do social media platforms operate according to the text?

By creating virtual communities and networks Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes new media from traditional mass media in terms of audience targeting?

'Narrowcasting' strategy in new media aimed at specific niches Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between mass media, new media, and social media?

Mass media is about one to many interactions, new media is about 1 to 1 communications, and social media is about many to many communication. Signup and view all the answers

According to Marshal McLuhan, what was the main point of his statement 'the medium is the message'?

The medium or technology used to convey a message has a greater impact on society than the actual message itself. Signup and view all the answers

How did the invention of the printing press impact society according to Marshal McLuhan?

It promoted mass literacy and enabled self-learning among individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What was Johannes Gutenberg's contribution that earned him the title of the most influential person in the 2nd millennium?

Revolutionizing communication technology with the printing press. Signup and view all the answers

How did electronic media revolutionize popular culture similar to the printing press?

By changing communication technology through inventions like radio and television. Signup and view all the answers

In what way did the invention of radio in the 1920s impact communication technology?

It revolutionized how information was broadcasted and received. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the CRTC in the Canadian broadcasting industry?

To regulate Canadian content Signup and view all the answers

Why is regionalism a concern in the Canadian broadcasting landscape?

It results in unequal attention to different regions Signup and view all the answers

Which factor plays a significant role in determining the coverage of hockey teams on TSN?

Market Share Signup and view all the answers

How has media ownership changed over the past 50 years?

Reduced to 6 major corporations Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern regarding ownership concentration in the media industry?

Reduced variety in content Signup and view all the answers

What is one negative impact of consuming a lot of media, as mentioned in the text?

Social isolation Signup and view all the answers

What happens when culture is commodified in mass media?

It is reduced to the lowest common denominator for profit Signup and view all the answers

What does conflict theory focus on regarding mass media?

Power dynamics Signup and view all the answers

What is the main commodity in the relationship between media, advertisers, and audiences?

Audience attention Signup and view all the answers

How does Neil Postman view the impact of media consumption in his book 'Amusing Ourselves to Death'?

Loss of cognitive abilities Signup and view all the answers

Which concept refers to the selling of our attention to advertisers through media consumption?

'Selling eyeballs' Signup and view all the answers

What role do advertisers play in the relationship between media and audiences?

Paying for advertisements to be displayed to audiences Signup and view all the answers

How do advertisers view audiences in terms of the media-audience-advertiser relationship?

As commodities whose attention can be sold Signup and view all the answers

What is one key issue highlighted in Canadian media, based on the text?

Lack of diversity in content and perspectives Signup and view all the answers

In terms of conflict theory, how does mass media impact individuals according to the text?

Leads to passive entertainment and loss of critical thinking Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the dysfunctions of mass media mentioned in the text?

Creating anxiety and apathy Signup and view all the answers

How do news media contribute to the interpretation of events?

They offer expert analysis and suggest causes and consequences Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the functions of mass media according to the text?

Conveying social values and norms Signup and view all the answers

How does mass media impact individuals' perception of body image as per the text?

It may lead to feelings of insecurity due to highly sexualized figures in the media Signup and view all the answers

What function does mass media serve in society according to the text?

Encouraging conformity to social norms and values Signup and view all the answers

What is one way mass media can impede positive social change based on the text?

By creating informed futility and a sense of apathy Signup and view all the answers

How does mass media affect individuals' perception of time according to the text?

It distorts time perception by consuming it in various activities Signup and view all the answers

What role does mass media play in providing entertainment according to the text?

"Opium of the ppl": Distracting individuals from real-world problems Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe news media's function of allowing some information to reach audiences while concealing other sources and setting the agenda for how covered items should be perceived?

Agenda setter Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the presentation of news in a way that influences the audience's perception by framing the story in a particular manner?

Framing Signup and view all the answers

In the context of news media, what does 'infotainment' refer to?

Profit-driven reporting Signup and view all the answers

How does news media sometimes capture audiences through social media algorithms?

By tailoring content to user interests Signup and view all the answers

What metaphor is commonly used to describe the concept of framing a news story in a particular way?

'Facts window' Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of private news media as highlighted in the text?

Maximizing profit Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the abnormal fear of being without one's mobile device or being unable to communicate using it?

Nomophobia Signup and view all the answers

In terms of social media effects, what contributes to hindering development in terms of maturation and empathy?

Cocooning effect Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the effects mentioned by Tony Reinke in the book '12 Ways Your Phone Is Changing You'?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What does Marshall McLuhan suggest truly changes who we are?

The medium Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the state of wanting to be alone and free from societal constraints?

JOMO Signup and view all the answers

What type of anxiety refers to the fear that an exciting event might be happening elsewhere?

FOMO Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe divulging more of our feelings, opinions, and sexuality online than we would in person?

Oversharing/Disinhibition effect Signup and view all the answers

In cyberbullying, what major factor contributes to the perpetrator assuming power over the victim?

Anonymity Signup and view all the answers

How does cyberbullying differ from traditional bullying in terms of temporal availability?

It is always 'on' Signup and view all the answers

How does the lack of nonverbal cues impact cyberbullying interactions?

Diminishes empathy and accountability Signup and view all the answers

What makes cyberbullying more challenging to address than traditional bullying?

'Always on' nature Signup and view all the answers

What concept pertains to the idea that consuming media violence can purge individuals of their frustrations?

Catharsis Signup and view all the answers

According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, what does Article 19 specifically declare as a human right?

Right to freedom of speech Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests that increased media violence makes people fear each other more, regardless of being directly involved or not?

Cultivation of fear Signup and view all the answers

In assessing the representation of minorities in mass media, what does quantitative evaluation focus on?

Over/underrepresentation relative to population proportion Signup and view all the answers

What do demographers study when analyzing the population?

The number of people, characteristics, and distribution Signup and view all the answers

What does demography primarily refer to?

The scientific study of the population Signup and view all the answers

Why are statistics considered important in various sectors of society?

For government services and decision-making Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of demographers when they study the 'composition' of a population?

The characteristics of people like sex, age, ethnicity Signup and view all the answers

What two processes primarily contribute to an increase in population?

Fertility and immigration Signup and view all the answers

What key element differentiates a migrant from someone moving within a city?

National boundary crossings Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a census?

Collecting demographic data Signup and view all the answers

How often does Statistics Canada conduct a comprehensive census?

Every 10 years Signup and view all the answers

Which region has historically been home to the majority of the world's population?

South Asia Signup and view all the answers

What has been the trend in global population growth rate since 1975?

Gradual decline Signup and view all the answers

What has been the impact of urbanization on social relations?

Change in nature of life and social relations Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary factor in the population explosion in the western world during the Industrial Revolution?

Improved sanitation and mortality control Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary cause of the 2nd population explosion in the Global South around 1950?

Decrease in mortality rates Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the potential childbearing of women?

Fecundity Signup and view all the answers

What is the demographic transition often associated with?

Stabilization of populations with lower fertility and mortality Signup and view all the answers

At what age range could the average woman potentially bear around 20 children during her lifetime?

15 to 45 years Signup and view all the answers

Why do some countries with fertility rates below the replacement level still experience population growth?

Population momentum Signup and view all the answers

How are crude fertility rates typically measured?

Per 1000 women aged 20-29 Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes significantly to individuals living longer and the global population still growing?

Mortality falling Signup and view all the answers

What is expected to happen to the populations of China and India in the next 100 years?

Start shrinking due to below replacement level fertility Signup and view all the answers

What is the replacement level fertility rate according to the text?

2.1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the fertility rate in Canada as stated in the text?

1.9 Signup and view all the answers

Why is stable reproduction considered problematic if it falls below a certain threshold?

It fails to replace the current generation Signup and view all the answers

Which country had the lowest fertility rate in 2020?

South Korea Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to population momentum according to the text?

'Potential mothers exceeding current mothers' Signup and view all the answers

Why is it stated that China and India may start shrinking in the next 100 years?

As a result of below replacement level fertility. Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of demographic transition theory does mortality stabilize but the population declines sharply due to technological advancements and changing family values?

Stage 3: Advanced Industrial Society Signup and view all the answers

According to Thomas Robert Malthus, what is the primary preventive check to control population growth?

Abstaining from sex before marriage Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the decline in fertility in post-industrial society according to demographic transition theory?

Economic shift causing children to be liabilities Signup and view all the answers

What was the historical consequence of China's one child policy regarding population control?

Horrific results with sex-selective abortion and female infanticide Signup and view all the answers

What did Thomas Robert Malthus believe was the main factor leading to the inevitable population disaster?

Positive checks like famines and wars Signup and view all the answers

What was Malthus' view on the use of contraception for population control?

'Contraception is an immoral act.' Signup and view all the answers

'Malthus was a pessimist' as mentioned in the text refers to his belief that:

'Population disaster was inevitable' Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the period between 1946 and 1964 in Canada when fertility rates were higher than before?

Baby Boom Signup and view all the answers

How does high infant mortality impact fertility rates according to the text?

It increases the desire for more children as a form of insurance. Signup and view all the answers

What event marked the beginning of the decline in fertility rates in Canada around 1971?

The baby bust Signup and view all the answers

What role does the age at first marriage play in influencing fertility rates?

Lower age at first marriage increases fertility rates. Signup and view all the answers

In what year did fertility rates in Canada fall below replacement levels as per the text?

1971 Signup and view all the answers

How did the 'baby boom' period in Canada impact maternity wards and hospitals?

They faced floods of newborns approximately nine months after a specific event. Signup and view all the answers

What was the world average number of children born per woman as of 2019?

2.39 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the defined death before a first birthday?

Infant mortality Signup and view all the answers

What was the infant mortality rate in India in 2018 per 1000 live births?

29.9 Signup and view all the answers

What is the current life expectancy in Canada as of 2020?

82 Signup and view all the answers

What do variations in life expectancy worldwide primarily account for?

Public healthcare quality Signup and view all the answers

What is the global life expectancy as of 2020 on average?

72.6 Signup and view all the answers

In terms of gender differences, who generally lives longer according to the text?

Women Signup and view all the answers

How do cultural values impact fertility rates?

Cultural values can influence attitudes towards childlessness Signup and view all the answers

In what type of society would having more children be considered a liability?

Industrial society Signup and view all the answers

How does female labor force participation relate to fertility rates?

Higher female labor force participation leads to lower fertility rates Signup and view all the answers

Why might infanticide or sex-selective abortion occur in certain cultures?

To ensure gender preference is met Signup and view all the answers

What factor influences fertility rates based on the perception of old age security?

Citizens' reliance on their children for old age security Signup and view all the answers

How does the Catholic prohibition on contraception affect fertility rates?

It leads to higher fertility rates Signup and view all the answers

How does the perception of economic mobility influence fertility rates?

Increased perception of economic mobility leads to lower fertility rates Signup and view all the answers

"Positive checks" in Malthusian theory refer to actions that:

"Limit population growth through adverse means" Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe factors that push people out of a country?

Push factors Signup and view all the answers

Which country was explicitly mentioned in the text as having racist immigration policies prior to the 1960s?

Canada Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the phenomenon of highly educated individuals leaving their home country for another?

Brain drain Signup and view all the answers

Which country is highlighted as experiencing a significant shift from European to Asian immigrants?

Canada Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the phenomenon of higher educated individuals entering a new country?

Brain gain Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of factors that may push people out of a country as mentioned in the text?

Civil war, famine, political oppression Signup and view all the answers

What are some factors that attract people to a new country as discussed in the text?

Abundance, security, jobs Signup and view all the answers

What was Canada's immigration policy like prior to the 1960s according to the text?

Racist and exclusionary Signup and view all the answers

What demographic variable is defined as the number of working age people compared to the number of dependent age people?

Dependency ratio Signup and view all the answers

In the context of demography, what does the term 'marriage squeeze' refer to?

A situation where there are fewer men available for marriage. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the phenomenon of 'marriage squeeze' as discussed in the text?

Higher male mortality rates Signup and view all the answers

Which country mentioned in the text has one of the lowest sex ratios with 82 males per 100 females?

Armenia Signup and view all the answers

What demographic variable is affected when there are fewer males than females in a population?

Sex ratio Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the statement 'Canada is aging slowly' based on the text?

Median age is increasing in Canada Signup and view all the answers

'Dependency ratio' refers to the number of __________ compared to the number of dependent age people.

'Working age people' Signup and view all the answers

Which region has historically been highlighted as having the most severe old age dependency ratios?

Europe Signup and view all the answers

How are population pyramids interpreted in the text?

Like layers of sedimentary rock Signup and view all the answers

What do population pyramids reveal about societies?

Demographic variables Signup and view all the answers

In terms of population growth trends, which countries are highlighted as having expansive pyramids?

Kenya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia Signup and view all the answers

What does a 'baby bust' refer to in the context of population pyramids?

Low fertility rates Signup and view all the answers

How is the 'dependency ratio' related to population pyramids?

It reflects the balance between dependent and non-dependent populations Signup and view all the answers

What historical events can be inferred from studying population pyramids?

War, famine, baby booms, and busts Signup and view all the answers