Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an aspect of the self in the passage?
According to the passage, which of the following aspects allows a person to alter, change, add or modify themselves for the purpose of gaining social acceptance?
What is the definition of philosophy according to the passage?
What were the Pre-Socratics primarily concerned with according to the passage?
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According to the passage, which of the following is NOT an element that constitutes the individuality and identity of a person?
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What is the main purpose of understanding the self according to the learning outcomes presented in the passage?
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Who was the first philosopher to focus on the full power of reason on the human self?
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According to Plato, which component of the soul accounts for basic biological needs like hunger and thirst?
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Who believed that 'An unexamined life is not worth living'?
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Which philosopher integrated the ideas of Plato with teachings of Christianity regarding the dualistic nature of man?
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According to Socrates, what is the worst thing that can happen to anyone?
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Which philosopher was focused on self-awareness and self-perception through his teaching 'Know Thyself'?
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According to Immanuel Kant, what organizes the impressions we get from the external world?
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According to Gilbert Ryle, what is the self?
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How did Maurice Merleau-Ponty view the relationship between mind and body?
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Which of the following is related to self-perception?
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Which philosopher's view is most closely related to self-esteem?
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Study Notes
Understanding the Self
- The self is the union of elements such as body, emotions, thoughts, and sensations that constitute an individual's identity and individuality.
- The self consists of self-knowledge, self-awareness, self-esteem, and self-perception, which enable a person to alter, change, add, or modify themselves for social acceptance.
Nature of the Self: Philosophical Perspective
- Understanding the self is essential to gain social acceptance and to explore one's identity and individuality.
- Philosophers across time and place have different notions of the self, which can be compared and contrasted.
Philosophy
- Etymology: Greek Philos (love) + Sophia (wisdom) = "Love of Wisdom"
- Philosophy investigates the legitimacy of concepts by rational arguments, relationships, and moral judgments.
Ancient Philosophy
- Pre-Socratics: concerned with explaining the world, its composition, and changes (Thales, Pythagoras, Parmenides, Heraclitus, and Empedocles)
- Socrates: focused on the "problem of the self", believing that the real self is the soul or psyche, and that the unexamined life is not worth living.
- Socrates' concept of the self: dualistic, with the body being imperfect and impermanent, and the soul being perfect and permanent.
Plato
- Student of Socrates
- Believed that the physical world is not the real world, and that the ultimate reality exists beyond the physical world.
- Theory of Forms: three components of the soul:
- Rational: divine essence for wisdom, wise choices, and understanding eternal truths.
- Appetitive: accounts for basic biological needs such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire.
- Spiritual: accounts for basic emotions such as love, anger, ambition, and empathy.
Medieval Philosophy
- St. Augustine of Hippo: integrated Plato's ideas with Christian teachings
- Believed that man has a bifurcated nature, with an aspect dwelling in the world and yearning for the divine, and another capable of reaching mortality.
- Goal of the person: to attain communion and bliss by living virtuously on earth.
Contemporary Philosophy
- St. Immanuel Kant: contested Hume's idea, believing that the self constructs the world through experience and organization of impressions.
- Gilbert Ryle: denied the existence of the internal, non-physical self, believing that the self is a name for behavior.
- Maurice Jean Jacques Merleau-Ponty: denied dualistic ideas, believing that the mind and body are intertwined and cannot be separated.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the nature of the self from a philosophical perspective, exploring self-knowledge, self-awareness, self-esteem, and self-perception. Learn how individuals can alter themselves to gain social acceptance.
