Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an aspect of the self in the passage?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an aspect of the self in the passage?
According to the passage, which of the following aspects allows a person to alter, change, add or modify themselves for the purpose of gaining social acceptance?
According to the passage, which of the following aspects allows a person to alter, change, add or modify themselves for the purpose of gaining social acceptance?
What is the definition of philosophy according to the passage?
What is the definition of philosophy according to the passage?
What were the Pre-Socratics primarily concerned with according to the passage?
What were the Pre-Socratics primarily concerned with according to the passage?
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According to the passage, which of the following is NOT an element that constitutes the individuality and identity of a person?
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT an element that constitutes the individuality and identity of a person?
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What is the main purpose of understanding the self according to the learning outcomes presented in the passage?
What is the main purpose of understanding the self according to the learning outcomes presented in the passage?
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Who was the first philosopher to focus on the full power of reason on the human self?
Who was the first philosopher to focus on the full power of reason on the human self?
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According to Plato, which component of the soul accounts for basic biological needs like hunger and thirst?
According to Plato, which component of the soul accounts for basic biological needs like hunger and thirst?
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Who believed that 'An unexamined life is not worth living'?
Who believed that 'An unexamined life is not worth living'?
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Which philosopher integrated the ideas of Plato with teachings of Christianity regarding the dualistic nature of man?
Which philosopher integrated the ideas of Plato with teachings of Christianity regarding the dualistic nature of man?
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According to Socrates, what is the worst thing that can happen to anyone?
According to Socrates, what is the worst thing that can happen to anyone?
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Which philosopher was focused on self-awareness and self-perception through his teaching 'Know Thyself'?
Which philosopher was focused on self-awareness and self-perception through his teaching 'Know Thyself'?
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According to Immanuel Kant, what organizes the impressions we get from the external world?
According to Immanuel Kant, what organizes the impressions we get from the external world?
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According to Gilbert Ryle, what is the self?
According to Gilbert Ryle, what is the self?
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How did Maurice Merleau-Ponty view the relationship between mind and body?
How did Maurice Merleau-Ponty view the relationship between mind and body?
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Which of the following is related to self-perception?
Which of the following is related to self-perception?
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Which philosopher's view is most closely related to self-esteem?
Which philosopher's view is most closely related to self-esteem?
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Study Notes
Understanding the Self
- The self is the union of elements such as body, emotions, thoughts, and sensations that constitute an individual's identity and individuality.
- The self consists of self-knowledge, self-awareness, self-esteem, and self-perception, which enable a person to alter, change, add, or modify themselves for social acceptance.
Nature of the Self: Philosophical Perspective
- Understanding the self is essential to gain social acceptance and to explore one's identity and individuality.
- Philosophers across time and place have different notions of the self, which can be compared and contrasted.
Philosophy
- Etymology: Greek Philos (love) + Sophia (wisdom) = "Love of Wisdom"
- Philosophy investigates the legitimacy of concepts by rational arguments, relationships, and moral judgments.
Ancient Philosophy
- Pre-Socratics: concerned with explaining the world, its composition, and changes (Thales, Pythagoras, Parmenides, Heraclitus, and Empedocles)
- Socrates: focused on the "problem of the self", believing that the real self is the soul or psyche, and that the unexamined life is not worth living.
- Socrates' concept of the self: dualistic, with the body being imperfect and impermanent, and the soul being perfect and permanent.
Plato
- Student of Socrates
- Believed that the physical world is not the real world, and that the ultimate reality exists beyond the physical world.
- Theory of Forms: three components of the soul:
- Rational: divine essence for wisdom, wise choices, and understanding eternal truths.
- Appetitive: accounts for basic biological needs such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire.
- Spiritual: accounts for basic emotions such as love, anger, ambition, and empathy.
Medieval Philosophy
- St. Augustine of Hippo: integrated Plato's ideas with Christian teachings
- Believed that man has a bifurcated nature, with an aspect dwelling in the world and yearning for the divine, and another capable of reaching mortality.
- Goal of the person: to attain communion and bliss by living virtuously on earth.
Contemporary Philosophy
- St. Immanuel Kant: contested Hume's idea, believing that the self constructs the world through experience and organization of impressions.
- Gilbert Ryle: denied the existence of the internal, non-physical self, believing that the self is a name for behavior.
- Maurice Jean Jacques Merleau-Ponty: denied dualistic ideas, believing that the mind and body are intertwined and cannot be separated.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the nature of the self from a philosophical perspective, exploring self-knowledge, self-awareness, self-esteem, and self-perception. Learn how individuals can alter themselves to gain social acceptance.
