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Questions and Answers
What encompasses the concept of 'self' beyond individual traits and characteristics?
What encompasses the concept of 'self' beyond individual traits and characteristics?
- Exclusive focus on personal achievements and accomplishments.
- Inherent biological imperatives.
- External influences such as social environment and life experiences. (correct)
- Solely intrinsic genetic predispositions.
When people debate 'nature versus nurture,' what aspect does 'nature' primarily address in the context of the self?
When people debate 'nature versus nurture,' what aspect does 'nature' primarily address in the context of the self?
- Inherited traits and genetic predispositions. (correct)
- Environmental factors and cultural influences.
- Personal experiences and educational background.
- Social learning and adaptive behaviors.
In the context of 'identity,' which factor primarily dictates how an individual is perceived by others?
In the context of 'identity,' which factor primarily dictates how an individual is perceived by others?
- External presentation and societal interactions. (correct)
- Genetic predispositions.
- Inherent internal characteristics and personal reflections.
- Intrinsic emotional intelligence and self-awareness.
In what way are 'human acts' distinguished from acts of humans?
In what way are 'human acts' distinguished from acts of humans?
How do social interactions impact the development of an individual's 'self'?
How do social interactions impact the development of an individual's 'self'?
In what way does one's environment affect the development of the 'self'?
In what way does one's environment affect the development of the 'self'?
How do inherited traits from parents play a role in shaping an individual's 'self'?
How do inherited traits from parents play a role in shaping an individual's 'self'?
How does the concept of 'free will' relate to shaping an individual's 'self'?
How does the concept of 'free will' relate to shaping an individual's 'self'?
What role does 'personality' play in distinguishing one individual from another?
What role does 'personality' play in distinguishing one individual from another?
Why is 'philosophy' considered essential in exploring the concept of 'self'?
Why is 'philosophy' considered essential in exploring the concept of 'self'?
How did Socrates encourage individuals to understand themselves?
How did Socrates encourage individuals to understand themselves?
According to Plato, what is the only element of the human being that is unchanging and eternal?
According to Plato, what is the only element of the human being that is unchanging and eternal?
How did Aristotle view the 'self' in terms of body and soul?
How did Aristotle view the 'self' in terms of body and soul?
What did St. Augustine emphasize as the defining feature of the 'self'?
What did St. Augustine emphasize as the defining feature of the 'self'?
According to René Descartes, what is the primary source of the 'self'?
According to René Descartes, what is the primary source of the 'self'?
What is the main point of distinction between 'nature' and 'nurture' in discussions about the 'self'?
What is the main point of distinction between 'nature' and 'nurture' in discussions about the 'self'?
How can understanding the 'dimensionality of self' help individuals?
How can understanding the 'dimensionality of self' help individuals?
What is the philosophical significance of Socrates' assertion that 'an unexamined life is not worth living'?
What is the philosophical significance of Socrates' assertion that 'an unexamined life is not worth living'?
What concept from Plato suggests that the human soul is composed of different aspects?
What concept from Plato suggests that the human soul is composed of different aspects?
How does environment significantly contribute to the nurturing aspect of self-development?
How does environment significantly contribute to the nurturing aspect of self-development?
How does the idea of free will relate to moral responsibility?
How does the idea of free will relate to moral responsibility?
Considering the concept of 'identity', how do social and environmental factors interplay?
Considering the concept of 'identity', how do social and environmental factors interplay?
What are the implications of understanding human actions versus acts of humans in moral philosophy?
What are the implications of understanding human actions versus acts of humans in moral philosophy?
How could personality influence career aptitude and success?
How could personality influence career aptitude and success?
What distinguishes the philosophical study of self from the psychological?
What distinguishes the philosophical study of self from the psychological?
According to Plato, how should the different parts of the soul function to achieve harmony?
According to Plato, how should the different parts of the soul function to achieve harmony?
From Aristotle’s perspective, why is understanding the purpose ('telos') of human life important in understanding the self?
From Aristotle’s perspective, why is understanding the purpose ('telos') of human life important in understanding the self?
How does St. Augustine’s concept of the 'inner self' influence modern approaches to counseling and personal growth?
How does St. Augustine’s concept of the 'inner self' influence modern approaches to counseling and personal growth?
In what ways do hereditary factors interact with personal volition in shaping identity?
In what ways do hereditary factors interact with personal volition in shaping identity?
What commonality links the philosophical views of Socrates, Plato, and Augustine concerning the self?
What commonality links the philosophical views of Socrates, Plato, and Augustine concerning the self?
How do early childhood experiences within a family primarily influence an individual’s sense of 'self'?
How do early childhood experiences within a family primarily influence an individual’s sense of 'self'?
Evaluate the role and importance of societal expectations to individual identity formation.
Evaluate the role and importance of societal expectations to individual identity formation.
How might personality affect responses and adaptations during stressful circumstances?
How might personality affect responses and adaptations during stressful circumstances?
What implications occur where individuals are alienated by communities, or counter to group mindsets?
What implications occur where individuals are alienated by communities, or counter to group mindsets?
How might combining environmental support/enrichment increase abilities during periods of learning in the 'self' concept?
How might combining environmental support/enrichment increase abilities during periods of learning in the 'self' concept?
From a perspective of personal free will, assess long-range transformative choices within lives, compared to quick daily decisions.
From a perspective of personal free will, assess long-range transformative choices within lives, compared to quick daily decisions.
Flashcards
What is the 'Self'?
What is the 'Self'?
The idea of a unified being which is the source of consciousness and is influenced by social environmental and life factors.
What is 'Nature'?
What is 'Nature'?
Refers to the traits and characteristics inherited from parents through genes.
What is 'Nurture'?
What is 'Nurture'?
Encompasses the environment one grows up in, including family, culture, education, and experiences.
What is Identity?
What is Identity?
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What's a Human Act?
What's a Human Act?
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What are Acts of Human?
What are Acts of Human?
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What is a Social Factor?
What is a Social Factor?
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What is Environmental Factor?
What is Environmental Factor?
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What is Hereditary Factor?
What is Hereditary Factor?
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What is Person-Volition Factor?
What is Person-Volition Factor?
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What is Personality?
What is Personality?
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What is Philosophy?
What is Philosophy?
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What did Socrates say about self-knowledge?
What did Socrates say about self-knowledge?
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What did Plato believe was stable?
What did Plato believe was stable?
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What are the parts of Plato's Tripartite Soul?
What are the parts of Plato's Tripartite Soul?
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What did Aristotle say about humans?
What did Aristotle say about humans?
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What did St. Augustine say about self?
What did St. Augustine say about self?
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What was Rene Descartes' philosophy of self?
What was Rene Descartes' philosophy of self?
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What was David Hume's philosophy of self?
What was David Hume's philosophy of self?
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What did Immanuel Kant say about humans?
What did Immanuel Kant say about humans?
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What did Gilbert Ryle say about self?
What did Gilbert Ryle say about self?
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What did Maurice Merleau-Ponty say about self?
What did Maurice Merleau-Ponty say about self?
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Study Notes
- Understanding the Self
- Prepared by Ms. Jessa Mariz C. Manalansan
- Module I
The Self on the Different Perspectives
- The self involves social, environmental, and other life factors.
- The self pertains to the idea of a unified being, which is the source of consciousness.
Common Issue or Arguments about the Self
- Nature vs. Nurture
- Nature refers to things inherited from parents such as genes.
- Nurture refers to the environment we grow up in, including family, culture, education, and experiences.
- Identity vs. Self
- Identity is how you present yourself to the outside world and how others see you.
- Human Act vs. Act of Human
- A human act is an act under the control or direction of the will, proper to man.
- An act of human is involuntary, therefore, not morally responsible.
Dimensionalities of the Self/Identity
- Social Factor refers to how our relationships and interactions with other people shape who we are.
- Environmental Factor refers to the environment you live in, including where you were raised, your community, and the culture around you.
- Hereditary Factor refers to the traits you inherent from your parents through genes, like physical appearance or certain talents.
- Person-Volition Factor is about personal choice and free will.
- Personality is the unique combination of behaviors, emotions, and thoughts that make you different from others.
The Philosophical Perspective of the Self
- Philosophy
- Philosophy comes from the Greek words "philo" meaning "love" and "sophos" meaning "wisdom".
- Philosophy is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline.
- Socrates: "Know thyself", "An unexamined life is not worth living.”
- Plato: "The human soul is the only thing that is unchanging and eternal".
- Plato's Tripartite Soul:
- Logical: Body part: Head
- Spirit: Body part: Heart
- Appetite: Body part: Stomach & Genitalia
- Aristotle: "Self is a composite of body and soul, with the soul being the form or structure of the human body."
- St. Augustine: "Self is characterized by the inner self, which is known through the capacity for thought and possession of an intellect."
- Rene Descartes: "Self came from the mind. Our mind held the essential components of who we are."
- David Hume: "The self is that to which our several impressions and ideas are supposed to have a reference."
- Immanuel Kant: "We all have an inner and an outer self which together form our consciousness".
- Gilbert Ryle: "He believes that self comes from behavior.”
- Maurice Merleau-Ponty: "He believed the physical body to be an important part of what makes up the subjective self."
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