Understanding the Self (Finals)
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Questions and Answers

What is the broader understanding of peace beyond the absence of war?

  • A commitment to cultural uniformity
  • A state where disagreements do not exist
  • The elimination of all forms of violence and injustice (correct)
  • A focus solely on economic stability

Which of the following inclusions is essential for promoting peace?

  • Misinformation and propaganda
  • Competition over cooperation
  • Avoidance of difficult conversations
  • Respect for human rights and diversity (correct)

What is emphasized as a crucial aspect of peace education?

  • Teaching skills for creating peace and nonviolence (correct)
  • Discouraging international cooperation
  • Encouraging youth to glorify historical conflicts
  • Promoting isolationist policies

According to the modern perspective on peace, what does true peace require?

<p>The eradication of all facets of injustice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for building a culture of peace, according to the content?

<p>Collaboration to solve today's challenges (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Essentialism and Existentialism?

<p>Essentialism believes in a predetermined purpose for individuals, while Existentialism focuses on personal choice in creating meaning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the concept of Logotherapy?

<p>A therapeutic approach that regards the search for meaning as the primary motivational force in life. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of magic as described in the content?

<p>To manipulate supernatural forces for personal gain or protection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes witchcraft from sorcery based on the definitions provided?

<p>Witchcraft focuses on mental and emotional influence, while sorcery involves tangible objects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Theistic Existentialism differ from traditional Existentialism?

<p>It suggests that God has a specific purpose for each individual. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which identifier correctly relates to the term 'Barang' used in Filipino culture?

<p>An illness caused by sorcery as revenge for wrongdoing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does purposeful work contribute to an individual's life, according to the content?

<p>It creates a sense of meaning and fulfillment in life. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements aligns with Jean Paul Sartre's view on existence?

<p>Human existence precedes essence, and meaning is self-created. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of encoding is considered the most effective for long-term memory?

<p>Semantic encoding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the difference between short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) retrieval?

<p>LTM retrieval is done by association, while STM is retrieved sequentially. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When encoding information acoustically, what kind of memory is most likely to benefit from this method?

<p>Short-term memory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an effective strategy for maximizing information storage in short-term memory?

<p>Chunking information together (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary concern associated with online behavior and its impact on identity?

<p>The online self may differ significantly from the actual self (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can data become a memory according to memory processes?

<p>If it can be retrieved later (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior is recommended to become a responsible netizen?

<p>Limit the time spent on social media (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of technology and consumerism on personal identity?

<p>They encourage users to redefine and recreate themselves easily (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the brain when new learning takes place?

<p>New nerve cells may grow and new neural networks will be formed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the significance of goal-setting?

<p>It is a desired outcome paired with a commitment to achieve it (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, what is self-efficacy?

<p>One’s belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended strategy for effective studying?

<p>Prepare review materials such as notes and flashcards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the strength of existing synaptic connections changes?

<p>It functionally changes connectivity within neural networks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might reflect a learner’s effective self-regulation?

<p>Adapting strategies based on performance feedback (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option represents a good study habit?

<p>Eliminate distractions in your study area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one outcome of becoming a good self-regulator?

<p>A set of skills and habits that promote effectiveness in learning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the political self as described?

<p>Collective welfare (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Philippine political culture?

<p>Strict adherence to individual rights (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'utang na loob' refer to in the Philippine context?

<p>The obligation to repay a favor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'buwaya' signify in Philippine politics?

<p>A corrupt politician (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle among the Nolan Principles of Good Governance emphasizes neutrality in decision-making?

<p>Objectivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'jus sanguinis'?

<p>Legal principle of parental nationality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the term 'Familism'?

<p>Prioritizing family members' welfare (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Aristotle, what is a fundamental aspect of human nature?

<p>Political engagement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Filipino politics, what does 'parinig' or 'patutsada' mean?

<p>Indirect criticism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does naturalization imply?

<p>Becoming a citizen through legal means (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of system is democracy characterized as?

<p>Government by the people (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following values reflects the spirit of camaraderie in Filipino culture?

<p>Bayanihan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the challenges to political maturity as outlined?

<p>Voting based on personality rather than platform (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the political culture regarding family ties in the Philippines?

<p>Importance placed on consanguinity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes acute stress?

<p>Arises suddenly and requires an immediate response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a domain that dominates the self?

<p>Cognitive Domain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is eustress?

<p>A positive and beneficial form of stress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes burnout?

<p>A result of prolonged chronic stress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does personal health responsibility involve?

<p>Taking an active role in health and healing through education (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of emotion-focused coping?

<p>To manage the emotional impact of stress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is classified as an internal stressor?

<p>Beliefs and attitudes influencing behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a common sign of poorly managed stress?

<p>Increased creativity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of self-compassion?

<p>Acceptance of one's imperfections and suffering (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which coping method focuses on eliminating stress sources?

<p>Problem-focused coping (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is an example of an everyday hassle as a stressor?

<p>Traffic congestion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes mindfulness?

<p>Being fully present and aware in the moment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can result from a lack of self-care?

<p>Decreased vitality and self-esteem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does chronic stress typically lead to?

<p>Prolonged feelings of exhaustion and burnout (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Existentialism

A philosophy that emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and the search for meaning in a seemingly meaningless world.

Essentialism

The belief that every person has a predefined purpose, like a fixed essence.

Logotherapy

A type of psychotherapy emphasizing the search for meaning in life as the primary motivational force.

Theistic Existentialism

A philosophy that tries to invalidate the idea that God created humans for a specific purpose, focusing on free will.

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Purposeful Work

One way to find meaning in life, through setting goals and working towards them.

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Magic

Manipulating the supernatural for good or evil, often in daily life.

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Sorcery

Using materials, objects, and medicines to cause harm intentionally.

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Witchcraft

Using thoughts and emotions to cause harm without physical objects.

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Peace: More than just the absence of war

Peace involves eliminating all forms of violence, including conflict, social issues, poverty, injustice, discrimination, and oppression.

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Peace: What does it require?

Promoting peace needs respect for equality, human rights, diversity, empathy, selflessness, and rational thinking.

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Peace Education: Why?

Teaching peace education is crucial to equip young people with skills to build a peaceful world and address challenges.

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Modern Peace: A broader view

A contemporary understanding of peace goes beyond the absence of war; it means eradicating all forms of injustice.

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Holistic Peace: What is it?

A comprehensive understanding of peace requires considering all its aspects: social, economic, environmental, and personal well-being.

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Politics

The science and art of government; the political state of a country; concerned with power and the social, economic, and cultural context.

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Political Self

The aspect of the self shaped by the Constitution, emphasizing collective welfare over individualistic views regarding the country.

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Political Culture

The pattern of individual attitudes and orientations toward politics within a political system.

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Philippine Political Culture

A culture characterized by family ties, ritual kinship (kumpadre system), euphemism, utang na loob, overdependency, and beliefs about political corruption.

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Memory Encoding

The process of converting information into a format that can be stored and retrieved later. It can be visual, acoustic, or semantic.

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Utang na loob

A Filipino concept of obligation to repay favors, immediately or in the future.

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Acoustic Encoding

Encoding information as sounds. It's good for short-term memory.

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Semantic Encoding

Encoding information based on its meaning. It's best for long-term memory.

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Nolan Principles

Principles of good governance aimed at eliminating corruption, including selflessness, objectivity, integrity, honesty, accountability, openness, and leadership.

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Democracy

A system of government where sovereignty resides with the people, and all citizens are eligible members of the state.

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Memory Storage

The process of keeping information in the brain for later retrieval. Short-term and long-term memory are different.

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Chunking

Grouping information into meaningful units to improve short-term memory capacity.

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National Identity

Citizenship in the Philippines defined by jus soli, jus sanguinis and naturalization.

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Bayanihan

A Filipino value embodying kinship and camaraderie.

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Memory Retrieval

The process of accessing and bringing back stored information. It can be sequential for short-term memory, or by association for long-term memory.

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Sequential Retrieval

Retrieving information in the order it was learned, like remembering a list in order.

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Damayan

Filipino value of extending sympathy.

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Familism

Prioritizing family welfare over individual needs.

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Retrieval by Association

Retrieving information based on connections between memories, like remembering a childhood event that reminds you of a song.

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Optimism

A positive outlook in life, even during tough times.

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Hospitality

Accommodating and welcoming towards others.

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Corruption

Dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, often for personal gain.

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Self-regulation

The ability to control your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors to achieve goals.

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New nerve cells

Brain cells that are created during learning, forming new connections and strengthening your neural networks.

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Synaptic connections

Connections between neurons that are strengthened during learning, making memories more lasting.

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Effective learner

Someone who can set goals, use strategies, monitor their progress, and adapt their learning methods.

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Goal

A desired outcome you work towards with a plan and a timeline.

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Self-efficacy

The belief in your ability to succeed in a task or situation.

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Good study habits

Effective strategies for learning, involving organization, preparation, and seeking help when needed.

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Review materials

Notes, flashcards, mind maps, or recordings used to reinforce learning.

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Biorhythm

The natural cycles in our body that influence our physical, intellectual, and emotional states.

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Physical Domain

This domain deals with our body's health, strength, and coordination.

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Intellectual Domain

This domain covers our mental abilities like memory, logic, and communication.

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Emotional Domain

This domain relates to our feelings, moods, and how we perceive the world.

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Personal Health Responsibility

Taking active steps to maintain your health through education and lifestyle changes.

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Stress

The body's response to any demanding or threatening situation.

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Eustress

A positive stress that can be beneficial, like exercise or a challenging project.

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Distress

A negative stress that's overwhelming and difficult to cope with.

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Stress Tolerance

An individual's ability to handle stress based on their physical and mental strength.

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Problem-focused Coping

Changing or eliminating the causes of stress directly.

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Emotion-focused Coping

Managing the negative emotions that accompany stress.

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Self-Compassion

Treating yourself with kindness, understanding, and acceptance, even when you make mistakes.

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Self-kindness

Being kind and understanding towards yourself, avoiding self-criticism and harsh judgments.

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Common Humanity

Recognizing that everyone makes mistakes and experiences challenges, and that you're not alone.

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Mindfulness

Being fully present and aware of your thoughts, feelings, and experiences in the moment.

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Study Notes

Understanding the Self (Finals)

  • Spiritual Self: A concept introduced by William James, referring to the most intimate and subjective part of the self, distinct from the ego. It encompasses our ability to think of ourselves as thinkers, and our capacity for morality, sensibility, and consciousness. Finding meaning in life satisfies this aspect of self.

  • Religious Rituals: These are customary patterns of behavior associated with religious practices. Sacraments, such as baptism and the Eucharist, are examples among Catholics. Rituals often reinforce beliefs and create a sense of community.

  • Concept of the Soul:

    • Monism: The belief that the soul and body are one substance.
    • Dualism: The belief that the mind and body are separate and independent substances.
    • Western Philosophers: Often view the human person as a rational being composed of soul and body. The soul is often considered superior and immortal. In the Filipino tradition, kaluluwa represents the soul or spirit with physical and spiritual forms of existence.
    • Bisayan (Ilonggo) concept of soul is believed to inhabit a region above the earth before entering the body of a fetus or unborn child, and their departure may cause health problems in younger people.

  • Spirituality: Involves a connection to something greater than oneself, focusing on the search for meaning in life, characterized by feelings like love, compassion, and a sense of aliveness.

  • Magic and Witchcraft: These practices involve the manipulation of the supernatural for different purposes like enhancing fertility or ensuring the welfare of crops.

  • Cultures of peace are reflected in values, attitudes, and behaviors that promote interaction and sharing based on freedom, justice, democracy, human rights, tolerance, and solidarity. Conflicts are addressed through dialogue and negotiation.

  • Politics and the Political Self: This entails a study of government, associated with governance, power, and the state. Philippine political culture emphasizes family ties and kinship systems, which may influence political interactions.

  • Courage and Love: Courage is seen as a capacity for accepting suffering and imperfections, while love is described as awareness of one's potentials and the recognition of the essence of another.

  • Ideal Citizenship: The ideal citizen actively participates in upholding the law, protecting the environment, and working towards the well-being of society.

Ecopsychology

  • Focuses on the interconnections between humans and the natural world, emphasizing a fundamental link through sensory experience. It also emphasizes the healing capacity of nature.

Courage in the Face of Difficulty and Love

  • Individuals can be courageous despite suffering, pain, and death by accepting these realities as part of life. Love brings out the true essence and potential of another.

Life Crises in Three Stage Model:

  • Separation: involves removing the person from everyday society to have a state of isolation
  • Transition: requires the performance of relevant rituals to obtain a new status or identity.
  • Incorporation: the return to normal society with the newly attained status

Culture of Peace:

  • Sovereignty belongs in the people: a fundamental aspect of democracy.
  • Human rights are protected and respected in a just society.
  • Rule of law: is upheld that guarantees accountability and appropriate procedures.

Types of Stress:

  • Acute stress: Comes suddenly and demands immediate response
  • Chronic stress: Occurs regularly, potentially leading to burnout if not managed
  • Burnout: The result of prolonged chronic stress, characterized by lack of control and feeling drained.

Self-Compassion:

  • Involves kindness and understanding towards oneself, acknowledging one's imperfections, and recognizing shared human experience.

Emotion-focused Coping:

  • A coping mechanism to control negative emotional consequences of stressors like self-control, acceptance, distancing, or wishful thinking.

Digital Self:

  • The self presented online, often different from the offline self. It can be constructed for various reasons, including self-presentation or self-esteem boosting.

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Understanding The Self (Finals) PDF

Description

This quiz covers key concepts related to the self, including William James's notion of the spiritual self and the differences between monism and dualism regarding the soul. Additionally, it explores the role of religious rituals in reinforcing community beliefs. Prepare to evaluate your understanding of these essential philosophical and spiritual ideas.

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