Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a molecular event in early atherogenesis?
Which of the following is a molecular event in early atherogenesis?
- Activation of nuclear factor-kB
- Activation of integrins on monocytes (correct)
- Promotion of LDL oxidation
- Stimulation of monocyte extravasation
Which enzyme promotes LDL oxidation?
Which enzyme promotes LDL oxidation?
- MCSF
- PDGF
- 15-lipoxygenase (correct)
- LDL receptor
What is the major cellular effect of ischemia and reperfusion?
What is the major cellular effect of ischemia and reperfusion?
- Intracellular Ca2+ accumulation
- Activation of nuclear factor-kB
- Intracellular accumulation of lactate
- Deficit of high-energy phosphates (correct)
Which of the following is a consequence of intracellular acidosis during reperfusion?
Which of the following is a consequence of intracellular acidosis during reperfusion?
What is the main cause of cell death during reperfusion?
What is the main cause of cell death during reperfusion?
What is the effect of reintroduction of molecular oxygen during reperfusion?
What is the effect of reintroduction of molecular oxygen during reperfusion?
What is the role of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger during reperfusion?
What is the role of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger during reperfusion?
Which enzyme is responsible for the oxidative deamination of several monoamines, resulting in increased ROS production?
Which enzyme is responsible for the oxidative deamination of several monoamines, resulting in increased ROS production?
What is the function of SIRT1 in atherosclerosis?
What is the function of SIRT1 in atherosclerosis?
Which protein is responsible for the protection against oxidative and free radical stress in cardiovascular health?
Which protein is responsible for the protection against oxidative and free radical stress in cardiovascular health?
What is the effect of exercise training on the expression of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels?
What is the effect of exercise training on the expression of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels?
Which signaling pathway is activated by PKC-ε 1 and leads to an increase in H2O2 production?
Which signaling pathway is activated by PKC-ε 1 and leads to an increase in H2O2 production?
Which protein is responsible for releasing its inhibitory function on SR Ca2+ ATPase in the normal heart?
Which protein is responsible for releasing its inhibitory function on SR Ca2+ ATPase in the normal heart?
Which signaling pathway is impaired in heart failure, resulting in the down-regulation of β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs)?
Which signaling pathway is impaired in heart failure, resulting in the down-regulation of β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs)?
Which protein kinase is inhibited by diabetes, leading to the activation of GSK-3β and mitochondrial cell death in ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial infarction?
Which protein kinase is inhibited by diabetes, leading to the activation of GSK-3β and mitochondrial cell death in ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial infarction?
Which factor is associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in the vasculature?
Which factor is associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in the vasculature?
What is the relationship between aging and the transcription factor NF-κB?
What is the relationship between aging and the transcription factor NF-κB?
Which proteins involved in protection against oxidative and free radical stress are induced by calorie restriction?
Which proteins involved in protection against oxidative and free radical stress are induced by calorie restriction?
What is the effect of exercise on mitochondrial levels of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2)?
What is the effect of exercise on mitochondrial levels of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2)?
Which molecule promotes LDL oxidation during atherogenesis?
Which molecule promotes LDL oxidation during atherogenesis?
Which protein mediates adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells during atherogenesis?
Which protein mediates adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells during atherogenesis?
Which chemotactic factor stimulates extravasation of monocytes during atherogenesis?
Which chemotactic factor stimulates extravasation of monocytes during atherogenesis?
Which pro-inflammatory cytokines activate nuclear factor-kB (NFkB) during atherogenesis?
Which pro-inflammatory cytokines activate nuclear factor-kB (NFkB) during atherogenesis?
Which growth factor causes recruitment and proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) during atherogenesis?
Which growth factor causes recruitment and proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) during atherogenesis?
Which high-energy phosphates are deficient during ischemia?
Which high-energy phosphates are deficient during ischemia?
Which enzyme is responsible for the activation of GSK-3β and induction of mitochondrial cell death in ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial infarction?
Which enzyme is responsible for the activation of GSK-3β and induction of mitochondrial cell death in ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial infarction?
Which signaling pathway is implicated in the mediating of physiological cardiac hypertrophy?
Which signaling pathway is implicated in the mediating of physiological cardiac hypertrophy?
Which protein kinase is down-regulated in heart failure, impairing β-adrenoceptor signaling?
Which protein kinase is down-regulated in heart failure, impairing β-adrenoceptor signaling?
Which factor is commonly associated with impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in heart failure patients?
Which factor is commonly associated with impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in heart failure patients?
Which signaling pathway is activated by IPC and Ipost to protect against cardiac cell death?
Which signaling pathway is activated by IPC and Ipost to protect against cardiac cell death?
Which protein is responsible for the inhibition of SERCA and impaired Ca2+ cycling in heart failure?
Which protein is responsible for the inhibition of SERCA and impaired Ca2+ cycling in heart failure?
Which enzyme is responsible for the protection against oxidative and free radical stress in cardiovascular health?
Which enzyme is responsible for the protection against oxidative and free radical stress in cardiovascular health?
What is the effect of exercise training on the expression of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels?
What is the effect of exercise training on the expression of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels?
Which protein is responsible for releasing its inhibitory function on SR Ca2+ ATPase in the normal heart?
Which protein is responsible for releasing its inhibitory function on SR Ca2+ ATPase in the normal heart?
What is the major cellular effect of ischemia and reperfusion?
What is the major cellular effect of ischemia and reperfusion?
What is the effect of reintroduction of molecular oxygen during reperfusion?
What is the effect of reintroduction of molecular oxygen during reperfusion?
What is the relationship between aging and the transcription factor NF-κB?
What is the relationship between aging and the transcription factor NF-κB?
Which of the following is a consequence of intracellular acidosis during reperfusion?
Which of the following is a consequence of intracellular acidosis during reperfusion?
What is the effect of reintroduction of molecular oxygen during reperfusion?
What is the effect of reintroduction of molecular oxygen during reperfusion?
What is the main cause of cell death during reperfusion?
What is the main cause of cell death during reperfusion?
Which protein kinase is responsible for phosphorylating a receptor on the mitochondrial outer membrane?
Which protein kinase is responsible for phosphorylating a receptor on the mitochondrial outer membrane?
What is the effect of ischemic preconditioning or mitochondrial KATP channel activation during reperfusion?
What is the effect of ischemic preconditioning or mitochondrial KATP channel activation during reperfusion?
Which of the following is a molecular event in early atherogenesis?
Which of the following is a molecular event in early atherogenesis?
Which of the following is a consequence of aging in the vasculature?
Which of the following is a consequence of aging in the vasculature?
Which protein is responsible for preventing the transcription factor NF-κB from entering the nucleus?
Which protein is responsible for preventing the transcription factor NF-κB from entering the nucleus?
What is the main effect of calorie restriction (CR) on NF-κB activity?
What is the main effect of calorie restriction (CR) on NF-κB activity?
Which proteins are induced by calorie restriction (CR) to protect against oxidative and free radical stress?
Which proteins are induced by calorie restriction (CR) to protect against oxidative and free radical stress?
What is the molecular event that initiates atherogenesis?
What is the molecular event that initiates atherogenesis?
Which proteins are responsible for the age-related post-ischemic dysfunction and cell damage in the heart?
Which proteins are responsible for the age-related post-ischemic dysfunction and cell damage in the heart?
Which enzyme is responsible for the oxidative deamination of several monoamines, resulting in increased ROS production?
Which enzyme is responsible for the oxidative deamination of several monoamines, resulting in increased ROS production?
What is the role of SIRT1 in atherosclerosis?
What is the role of SIRT1 in atherosclerosis?
Which protein kinase is down-regulated in heart failure, impairing β-adrenoceptor signaling?
Which protein kinase is down-regulated in heart failure, impairing β-adrenoceptor signaling?
Which signaling pathway is activated by PKC-ε and leads to an increase in H2O2 production?
Which signaling pathway is activated by PKC-ε and leads to an increase in H2O2 production?
Which molecules are induced by calorie restriction (CR) to protect against oxidative and free radical stress?
Which molecules are induced by calorie restriction (CR) to protect against oxidative and free radical stress?
What is the major cellular effect of ischemia and reperfusion?
What is the major cellular effect of ischemia and reperfusion?
Which enzyme is responsible for the protection against oxidative and free radical stress in cardiovascular health?
Which enzyme is responsible for the protection against oxidative and free radical stress in cardiovascular health?
Which protein is responsible for releasing its inhibitory function on SR Ca2+ ATPase in the normal heart?
Which protein is responsible for releasing its inhibitory function on SR Ca2+ ATPase in the normal heart?
Which chemotactic factor stimulates extravasation of monocytes during atherogenesis?
Which chemotactic factor stimulates extravasation of monocytes during atherogenesis?
Which signaling pathway is impaired in heart failure, resulting in the down-regulation of β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs)?
Which signaling pathway is impaired in heart failure, resulting in the down-regulation of β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs)?
Which signaling pathway is implicated in the mediating of physiological cardiac hypertrophy?
Which signaling pathway is implicated in the mediating of physiological cardiac hypertrophy?
Which of the following is a consequence of aging in the vasculature?
Which of the following is a consequence of aging in the vasculature?
Which of the following is a consequence of intracellular acidosis during reperfusion?
Which of the following is a consequence of intracellular acidosis during reperfusion?
What is the effect of reintroduction of molecular oxygen during reperfusion?
What is the effect of reintroduction of molecular oxygen during reperfusion?
Which of the following proteins is responsible for protecting against oxidative and nitrosative damage in the presence of NO?
Which of the following proteins is responsible for protecting against oxidative and nitrosative damage in the presence of NO?
What is the main effect of calorie restriction (CR) on NF-κB activity?
What is the main effect of calorie restriction (CR) on NF-κB activity?
Which protein kinase is responsible for phosphorylating a receptor on the mitochondrial outer membrane?
Which protein kinase is responsible for phosphorylating a receptor on the mitochondrial outer membrane?
What is the molecular event that initiates atherogenesis?
What is the molecular event that initiates atherogenesis?
Which protein kinase is responsible for inhibiting GSK-3β activation in the PI3K/Akt pathway during myocardial protection against cell death?
Which protein kinase is responsible for inhibiting GSK-3β activation in the PI3K/Akt pathway during myocardial protection against cell death?
Which signaling pathway is impaired in heart failure, resulting in the down-regulation of β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs)?
Which signaling pathway is impaired in heart failure, resulting in the down-regulation of β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs)?
Which protein is responsible for releasing its inhibitory function on SR Ca2+ ATPase in the normal heart?
Which protein is responsible for releasing its inhibitory function on SR Ca2+ ATPase in the normal heart?
Which growth factor causes recruitment and proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) during atherogenesis?
Which growth factor causes recruitment and proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) during atherogenesis?
Which high-energy phosphates are deficient during ischemia?
Which high-energy phosphates are deficient during ischemia?
What is the effect of reintroduction of molecular oxygen during reperfusion?
What is the effect of reintroduction of molecular oxygen during reperfusion?
Which proteins mediate adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells during atherogenesis?
Which proteins mediate adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells during atherogenesis?
Which enzyme promotes LDL oxidation during atherogenesis?
Which enzyme promotes LDL oxidation during atherogenesis?
Which pro-inflammatory cytokines activate nuclear factor-kB (NFkB) during atherogenesis?
Which pro-inflammatory cytokines activate nuclear factor-kB (NFkB) during atherogenesis?
Which growth factor causes recruitment and proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) during atherogenesis?
Which growth factor causes recruitment and proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) during atherogenesis?
Which signaling pathway is impaired in heart failure, resulting in the down-regulation of β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs)?
Which signaling pathway is impaired in heart failure, resulting in the down-regulation of β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs)?
Which cellular effects are observed during ischemia?
Which cellular effects are observed during ischemia?
