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Questions and Answers
Explain why potassium, lithium, and sodium are stored in oil.
Explain why potassium, lithium, and sodium are stored in oil.
These metals react with water producing a lot of heat. As a result, hydrogen evolved catches fire. Cannot be kept in air also because air contains moisture or water vapours. These are kept under kerosene to avoid contact with both air and water.
How does the reactivity of metals typically change as you move down Group 1 (alkali metals) of the periodic table?
How does the reactivity of metals typically change as you move down Group 1 (alkali metals) of the periodic table?
As you go down the group, the metals react more vigorously with water.
Arrange calcium, beryllium, and magnesium in order of reactivity, from most to least reactive.
Arrange calcium, beryllium, and magnesium in order of reactivity, from most to least reactive.
Calcium > Magnesium > Beryllium
List the following metals in order of reactivity from most to least reactive: magnesium, aluminium, zinc, iron, lead, copper.
List the following metals in order of reactivity from most to least reactive: magnesium, aluminium, zinc, iron, lead, copper.
Why are gold, silver, and platinum used to make jewelry?
Why are gold, silver, and platinum used to make jewelry?
Why is tin used to plate food cans instead of zinc?
Why is tin used to plate food cans instead of zinc?
Explain why aluminum can be used outdoors, for example, for window frames, even though it is quite high in the reactivity series.
Explain why aluminum can be used outdoors, for example, for window frames, even though it is quite high in the reactivity series.
What is the general equation for the reaction between a metal and oxygen?
What is the general equation for the reaction between a metal and oxygen?
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and oxygen.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and oxygen.
What are oxidation and reduction in terms of electrons?
What are oxidation and reduction in terms of electrons?
What is the general equation for the reaction between a metal and an acid?
What is the general equation for the reaction between a metal and an acid?
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and nitric acid.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and nitric acid.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between calcium and hydrochloric acid.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between calcium and hydrochloric acid.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between iron and hydrochloric acid.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between iron and hydrochloric acid.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between aluminum and sulfuric acid.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between aluminum and sulfuric acid.
What type of metals will react with water to form a metal hydroxide and hydrogen?
What type of metals will react with water to form a metal hydroxide and hydrogen?
Write the balanced chemical equation for Calcium reacting with water
Write the balanced chemical equation for Calcium reacting with water
What is a displacement reaction in the context of metal reactivity?
What is a displacement reaction in the context of metal reactivity?
Based on the reactivity series, will a reaction occur if zinc metal is placed in copper sulfate solution? Explain.
Based on the reactivity series, will a reaction occur if zinc metal is placed in copper sulfate solution? Explain.
Why does iron rust, and what conditions are required for it to occur?
Why does iron rust, and what conditions are required for it to occur?
Describe three methods used to prevent the rusting of iron.
Describe three methods used to prevent the rusting of iron.
Explain how galvanizing prevents iron from rusting.
Explain how galvanizing prevents iron from rusting.
Describe the difference in reactivity between metals which react with dilute acid and metals which react with concentrated acid.
Describe the difference in reactivity between metals which react with dilute acid and metals which react with concentrated acid.
Flashcards
What is the reactivity series?
What is the reactivity series?
Metals are arranged in order of their reactivity, from most to least reactive.
Group 1 reactivity trend
Group 1 reactivity trend
As you go down group 1, the alkali metals, reactivity increases.
List group 1 metals in order of reactivity
List group 1 metals in order of reactivity
Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Lithium (Li).
Order of reactivity of Ca, Mg, Be
Order of reactivity of Ca, Mg, Be
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Order of reactivity (Mg to Cu)
Order of reactivity (Mg to Cu)
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List reactivity series (Top to Copper)
List reactivity series (Top to Copper)
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Reaction with oxygen
Reaction with oxygen
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Metal + Oxygen Reaction
Metal + Oxygen Reaction
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Which burn in air?
Which burn in air?
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Oxidation vs Reduction
Oxidation vs Reduction
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Reaction with acid
Reaction with acid
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Metal + Acid Reaction
Metal + Acid Reaction
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Metal + Water Reaction
Metal + Water Reaction
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What metals react with water to form hydroxides?
What metals react with water to form hydroxides?
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Metal + Water (oxide) Reaction
Metal + Water (oxide) Reaction
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Which metals react to make oxides?
Which metals react to make oxides?
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Reaction with steam
Reaction with steam
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What is displacement?
What is displacement?
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Why use gold in jewelry?
Why use gold in jewelry?
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Why store K, Li, Na in oil?
Why store K, Li, Na in oil?
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Why tin, not zinc, in food cans?
Why tin, not zinc, in food cans?
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Why is aluminium outdoors?
Why is aluminium outdoors?
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Oxidation
Oxidation
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Reduction
Reduction
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What is rusting?
What is rusting?
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Study Notes
The Reactivity Series
- Metals have many uses in life.
- Metals are found in various forms and pure metals can be obtained by different methods.
Reactivity of Metals
- Group 1 (alkali) metals can be listed in order of reactivity based on experimental evidence.
Reactivity Trends
- The reactivity of group 1 metals increases down the group in water.
- Reactivity order of group 2 metals: Calcium > Magnesium > Beryllium.
- Reactivity order for some metals reacting with acid: Magnesium > Aluminum > Zinc > Iron > Lead > Copper.
Forming the Reactivity Series
- Lists can be combined to form a single reactivity series.
- Elements in the series from most to least reactive: Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminum, Zinc, Iron, Lead, Copper
Simplified Metal Reactivity Ordering
- A simplified metal reactivity ordering can be created to help remember the order of reactivity of metals:
- Potassium
- Sodium
- Calcium
- Magnesium
- Aluminium
- Carbon
- Zinc
- Iron
- Tin
- Hydrogen
- Lead
- Copper
- Silver
- Gold
- Mnemonic to remember: "Please Stop Calling Me A Careless Zebra In The Hot Lousy Classroom, Silly Goose".
Reactions with Oxygen
- The reactivity dictates how a metal reacts with a substance.
- More reactive metals burn to form oxides
- Some metals form an outer oxide layer without burning
- Some metals do not react with oxygen
Metal Oxides
- Metal and oxygen react to form a metal oxide, for example: 2Mg(s) + O2 (g) → 2MgO (s)
Reacting with Oxygen
- Only more reactive metals burn in air to form an oxide.
- Oxidation involves adding oxygen, while reduction involves removing oxygen.
Reactions with Acid
- Metals react with dilute acid based on their position in the reactivity series.
- Potassium is most reactive, and platinum is the least reactive.
Common Acids
- H2SO4 = sulfate.
- HCI = chloride.
- HNO3 = nitrate.
Metal Reactions with Acid
- Metal and acid react to form a salt and hydrogen.
- For example:
- Magnesium + sulfuric acid → magnesium sulfate + hydrogen Mg(s) + H2SO4 (aq) → MgSO4 (aq) + H2 (g)
Reactions with acids (examples)
- Magnesium + Hydrochloric acid → Magnesium chloride + Hydrogen
- Aluminium + Nitric acid → Aluminium nitrate + Hydrogen
- Calcium + Hydrochloric acid → Calcium chloride + Hydrogen
- Zinc + Sulfuric acid → Zinc sulfate + Hydrogen
Balanced Formula
- Magnesium + Nitric acid → Magnesium nitrate + Hydrogen Mg + 2HNO3 → Mg(NO3)2 + H2
- Calcium + Hydrochloric acid → Calcium chloride + Hydrogen Ca + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2
- Iron + Hydrochloric acid → Iron (II) chloride + Hydrogen Fe + 2HCl→ FeCl2+ H2
- Aluminium + Sulphuric acid → Aluminium sulphate + Hydrogen 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3+ 3H2
Reactions with Water
- Metals react with water to form a hydroxide and H2.
- Metals react with water to form an oxide and H2.
- Some metals do not react with water.
Metal Reactions with Water
- (K to Ca): Metal + water → metal hydroxide + hydrogen Ca(s) + 2H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)
- (Mg to Fe): Metal + water → metal oxide + hydrogen Mg(s) + H2O(l) → MgO (s) + H2(g)
Reactions with Steam
- Potassium, Sodium and Calcium explode with steam
- Magnesium, Aluminium, Zinc, and Iron react with steam to form metal oxide and H2 (same as H2O(l)).
- Tin, Lead, react very little with steam.
- Silver and gold do not react with steam
Displacement Reactions
- A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from its solution.
- For example, magnesium (more reactive) will react with copper sulphate (less reactive) forming magnesium Sulphate solution and copper.
Displacement Reaction results
- Reactions between metals an the corresponding metal sulphates depend on their relative reactivity
- Displacement reaction occurs when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal in a solution
- No Reaction between a less reaction metal, and a more reactive metal sulphate
Reactivity Explanations
- Gold, silver, and platinum are used for jewelry because they are unreactive, noble metals with a bright luster and resistance to air, water, and chemicals.
- Potassium, lithium, and sodium are stored in jars of oil (kerosene) because they react with water producing heat, and hydrogen produced can catch fire.
- Zinc is more reactive than tin. It is unhealthy to eat off cans that use zinc as it could react with food items.
Aluminium Reactivity
- Aluminium resists corrosion due to a thin protective layer of aluminium oxide on its surface, making it suitable for outdoor use like window frames.
Oxidation and Reduction
- Oxidation and reduction originally described the addition or removal of oxygen.
- Now, oxidation is the loss of electrons, and reduction is the gain of electrons.
- Redox reactions mean one substance is oxidised and another is reduced
Rusting
- Rusting is a type of corrosion that affects some metals
- Barriers, galvanising and sacrificial prevention can prevent rusting
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