Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does self-esteem reflect?
What does self-esteem reflect?
Which aspect of the psychological self relates to the belief in one's ability to succeed?
Which aspect of the psychological self relates to the belief in one's ability to succeed?
How does Freud define the id?
How does Freud define the id?
What is the role of the ego in Freud's theory?
What is the role of the ego in Freud's theory?
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What is self-identity primarily concerned with?
What is self-identity primarily concerned with?
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What is a common emotional outcome of high self-esteem?
What is a common emotional outcome of high self-esteem?
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What is self-awareness essential for?
What is self-awareness essential for?
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Which principle does the ego operate on according to Freud?
Which principle does the ego operate on according to Freud?
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What is the primary outcome of successfully navigating the initiative vs. guilt stage?
What is the primary outcome of successfully navigating the initiative vs. guilt stage?
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Which theory emphasizes the importance of congruence between the real self and the ideal self?
Which theory emphasizes the importance of congruence between the real self and the ideal self?
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What key milestone in self-awareness is identified by Michael Lewis's Self-Recognition Theory?
What key milestone in self-awareness is identified by Michael Lewis's Self-Recognition Theory?
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During which stage do feelings of inferiority arise due to failure and lack of mastery?
During which stage do feelings of inferiority arise due to failure and lack of mastery?
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What emotional distress can result from discrepancies between the actual self, ideal self, and ought self according to Higgins' Self-Discrepancy Theory?
What emotional distress can result from discrepancies between the actual self, ideal self, and ought self according to Higgins' Self-Discrepancy Theory?
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What is a potential outcome of successfully navigating the intimacy vs. isolation stage?
What is a potential outcome of successfully navigating the intimacy vs. isolation stage?
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What is the predominant theme in Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory?
What is the predominant theme in Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory?
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What leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment in the generativity vs. stagnation stage?
What leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment in the generativity vs. stagnation stage?
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What does the superego primarily represent in an individual?
What does the superego primarily represent in an individual?
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Which level of consciousness involves thoughts and feelings that are currently in awareness?
Which level of consciousness involves thoughts and feelings that are currently in awareness?
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What can indicate the influence of the unconscious mind in a person's behavior?
What can indicate the influence of the unconscious mind in a person's behavior?
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What virtue is developed during the first stage of Erikson's psychosocial development?
What virtue is developed during the first stage of Erikson's psychosocial development?
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What is the primary conflict during the stage known as 'Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt'?
What is the primary conflict during the stage known as 'Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt'?
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What can be said about the unconscious mind's ability to influence behavior?
What can be said about the unconscious mind's ability to influence behavior?
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What is the outcome for a child who successfully resolves the 'Trust vs. Mistrust' crisis?
What is the outcome for a child who successfully resolves the 'Trust vs. Mistrust' crisis?
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What is a likely consequence of failing to resolve conflicts during Erikson's stages?
What is a likely consequence of failing to resolve conflicts during Erikson's stages?
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Study Notes
Understanding the Self
- The Psychological Self is about how we perceive ourselves, our values, and our place in the world.
- It encompasses our self-concept, self-esteem, self-efficacy, self-identity, and self-awareness.
Self-Concept
- Our self-concept is how we view ourselves. It includes:
- Self-image (how we see ourselves)
- Self-esteem (how we feel about ourselves)
- Ideal self (who we want to be)
Self-Esteem
- It's our overall sense of worth and value.
- High self-esteem is linked to resilience, while low self-esteem can lead to mental health issues.
Self-Efficacy
- It's the belief in our ability to succeed in specific situations or tasks.
- Introduced by Albert Bandura, it influences our motivation and perseverance.
Self-Identity
- It's how we define ourselves in the context of our social groups, roles, and life experiences.
- Identity development is crucial during adolescence but continues throughout life.
Self-Awareness
- It's the ability to recognize our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
- Essential for personal growth, emotional intelligence, and effective communication.
Freud's Theory of the Self
- Freud believed that much of our behavior is driven by unconscious motives from early childhood.
The Structure of Personality
- Id: The primal, instinctive part of the self, driven by immediate gratification (e.g., hunger, sexual desire). It's entirely unconscious and irrational.
- Ego: The rational part of the self, mediates between the id's demands and reality. It's partly conscious and partly unconscious.
- Superego: Represents internalized morals and ethics. It judges the ego's actions based on societal standards. It's largely unconscious.
The Levels of Consciousness
- Conscious: Thoughts and feelings we are currently aware of.
- Preconscious: Memories we can easily access when needed.
- Unconscious: Repressed memories, instincts, and desires that influence our behavior in unconscious ways.
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development
- Erikson's theory outlines eight stages of psychosocial development, each with a specific crisis to resolve.
Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development
- Trust vs. Mistrust: (0-1 year) Developing trust in caregivers.
- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt: (1-3 years) Developing self-reliance.
- Initiative vs. Guilt: (3-6 years) Developing initiative and purpose.
- Industry vs. Inferiority: (6-12 years) Developing a sense of competence.
- Identity vs. Role Confusion: (12-18 years) Developing a sense of self and identity.
- Intimacy vs. Isolation: (18-40 years) Developing intimate relationships.
- Generativity vs. Stagnation: (40-65 years) Developing a sense of contribution to the world.
- Integrity vs. Despair: (65+ years) Reflecting on life with a sense of fulfillment.
Carl Rogers' Self Theory
- Focuses on the "real self" (who we truly are) and the "ideal self" (who we want to be).
- Congruence between the two leads to higher self-esteem and well-being. Incongruence leads to anxiety and distress.
Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory
- Emphasizes observational learning, self-efficacy, and self-regulation in shaping the self.
- We learn through observing others and the consequences of our own actions.
Michael Lewis's Self-Recognition Theory
- Focuses on the development of self-awareness, especially self-recognition in a mirror (around 18 months old).
- This marks the beginning of self-concept development.
Higgins' Self-Discrepancy Theory
- Examines the gap between our actual self, ideal self, and ought self (who we believe we should be).
- Discrepancies between these selves can lead to emotional distress.
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Description
This quiz explores the various aspects of the psychological self, including self-concept, self-esteem, self-efficacy, self-identity, and self-awareness. Delve into how these components shape our perception and value of ourselves in different contexts. Test your knowledge on how these elements influence our mental health and personal growth.
