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Understanding the Proteome

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome?

Proteome (correct)

Transcriptome

Genotype

Genome

Why is the proteome larger than the number of genes in eukaryotes?

Because of the presence of non-coding RNA genes

Because of the varying metabolic activity of cells

Due to the process of alternative RNA splicing (correct)

As a result of cellular stress

What is the function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?

To form a network of membrane tubules

To digest proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates (correct)

To transport material between membrane compartments

To synthesize proteins

What is the significance of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells?

It forms a network of membrane tubules continuous with the nuclear membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the small surface area to volume ratio in eukaryotic cells?

It increases the total area of membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of vesicles in eukaryotic cells?

To transport material between membrane compartments Signup and view all the answers

Where are lipids synthesised in the cell?

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a signal sequence in protein synthesis?

To halt translation and direct the ribosome to dock with the ER Signup and view all the answers

What happens to proteins once they are in the ER?

They are transported to the Golgi apparatus Signup and view all the answers

What is the major modification that occurs to proteins as they move through the Golgi apparatus?

Glycosylation Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of secreted proteins after they are packaged into vesicles in the Golgi apparatus?

They are released out of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of bond that links amino acids together to form polypeptides?

Peptide bond Signup and view all the answers