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Questions and Answers
What is the name of the acid derived from Hydrogen Chloride?
What is the name of the acid derived from Hydrogen Chloride?
- Hydrosulfuric acid
- Hydrobromic acid
- Hydrochloric acid (correct)
- Hydrofluoric acid
The chemical formula for a base must contain the hydroxide ion (OH).
The chemical formula for a base must contain the hydroxide ion (OH).
True (A)
What compound forms when Hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc?
What compound forms when Hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc?
Zinc chloride and hydrogen gas
If an anion ends in 'ite', the acid name is the root followed by the suffix '___'.
If an anion ends in 'ite', the acid name is the root followed by the suffix '___'.
Match the following acids with their corresponding formulas:
Match the following acids with their corresponding formulas:
What is the pH value of a neutral solution?
What is the pH value of a neutral solution?
Acidic solutions have a pH value greater than 7.
Acidic solutions have a pH value greater than 7.
What type of plants grow best in soil with a pH below 5?
What type of plants grow best in soil with a pH below 5?
In the pH scale, moving up means _____ by 10.
In the pH scale, moving up means _____ by 10.
Which of the following conditions indicate a highly acidic solution?
Which of the following conditions indicate a highly acidic solution?
The pH level of pool water should be between 7.2 and 7.8.
The pH level of pool water should be between 7.2 and 7.8.
Match the following pH levels with their corresponding types:
Match the following pH levels with their corresponding types:
What do the chemical formulas of acids typically begin with?
What do the chemical formulas of acids typically begin with?
Flashcards
Binary Acid
Binary Acid
An acid that is made up of two elements, such as hydrogen and a nonmetal.
Oxyacid
Oxyacid
An acid that contains a polyatomic ion, which is a group of atoms bonded together with an overall charge.
Acid-Metal Reaction
Acid-Metal Reaction
A reaction where an acid and a metal react to produce hydrogen gas and a salt.
Acid-Base Indicator
Acid-Base Indicator
A substance that changes color depending on whether it's in an acidic or basic solution.
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Litmus Paper
Litmus Paper
A type of acid-base indicator that is most commonly used in schools.
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pH
pH
A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14.
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pH Scale
pH Scale
A solution with a pH of 7 is considered neutral. Solutions with a pH lower than 7 are acidic, while solutions with a pH higher than 7 are basic (alkaline).
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Acids
Acids
Acids have a higher concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution.
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Bases
Bases
Bases have a higher concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution.
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pH Scale: Increasing pH
pH Scale: Increasing pH
The pH scale increases by a factor of 10 for each unit increase in pH. This means that a solution with a pH of 4 is 10 times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 5.
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pH Scale: Decreasing pH
pH Scale: Decreasing pH
The pH scale decreases by a factor of 10 for each unit decrease in pH. This means that a solution with a pH of 8 is 10 times more basic than a solution with a pH of 7.
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pH and Swimming Pools
pH and Swimming Pools
The optimal pH range for a swimming pool is between 7.2 and 7.8. If the pH is too low, the water can irritate eyes; if it's too high, the water becomes cloudy and irritating.
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pH and Soil
pH and Soil
Different plants thrive in different soil pH levels. Legumes prefer slightly basic soil, while potatoes prefer acidic soil.
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pH Scale
- The pH scale measures acidity or basicity of a solution.
- It ranges from 0 to 14.
- A pH of 7 is neutral.
- Lower than 7 is acidic; higher than 7 is basic.
- Lower pH indicates a higher concentration of hydrogen ions (stronger acids).
- Higher pH indicates a higher concentration of hydroxide ions (stronger bases).
- The pH scale is logarithmic; each whole number change represents a tenfold difference in acidity/basicity.
Using the pH Scale
- Increasing pH by one unit multiplies hydroxide ion concentration by 10.
- Decreasing pH by one unit multiplies hydrogen ion concentration by 10.
pH in Everyday Life
- Soil pH: Different plants thrive in different pH ranges. Adjusting soil pH is possible with compost (acidic) or calcium oxide (basic).
- Consumer Products: Shampoo, skincare products, and some cleaning products are designed with a neutral or near-neutral pH. Highly alkaline products are often corrosive.
- Swimming Pools: Pool water should have a pH between 7.2 and 7.8. Chemical adjustments (acid/base) are needed to maintain the proper range.
Properties of Acids
- Acid formulas commonly begin with "H".
- Binary Acids: Consist of two elements, named by adding "hydro" to the anion's name and changing the "-ide" ending to "-ic". (e.g., Hydrogen chloride → Hydrochloric acid).
- Oxyacids: Consist of multiple elements (polyatomic ions). The name depends on the anion's ending: "-ate" becomes "-ic" acid and "-ite" becomes "-ous" acid. (e.g., Sulfuric acid).
Acid Reactions
- Metals: Acids react with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas (e.g., hydrochloric acid with zinc).
- Carbonates: Acids react with carbonates to produce carbon dioxide gas (e.g., sulfuric acid with iron(III) carbonate).
Properties of Bases
- Base formulas commonly contain "OH".
- Bases can be called alkaline.
- Naming: Bases are named like ionic compounds, ending in "-ide" or containing polyatomic ions.
Reactions
- Examples of chemical reactions to form bases (ex. Sodium Hydroxide, Barium Hydroxide)
Acid-Base Indicators
- Substances that change color based on whether they are in an acidic or basic solution.
- Natural indicators include red cabbage, beetroot, turmeric, and grape juice.
- Litmus paper: Blue litmus turns red in acidic conditions; red litmus turns blue in basic conditions.
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