Understanding the Intersections of Childhood Sexual Abuse

Some examples of occupational segregation mentioned in the text include 'Pink Collar' jobs showing stable sex-segregation, vertical (hierarchical) and horizontal (similar tasks) segregation, glass ceiling (institutional barriers), and sticky floor (low-status jobs).

The 'motherhood penalty' refers to the negative impact on women's wages due to motherhood. It affects hiring, promotion, and salary, leading to disparities in income and advancement between women with children and those without.

Women are expected to earn nearly 60% of all undergraduate degrees in Canada. Women aged 25-29 surpass men in education but lag in income and advancement, indicating a disparity between educational attainment and career progression.

Women are underrepresented in corporate leadership due to institutional barriers such as the glass ceiling, which limits their advancement, as well as social and cultural factors that contribute to the persistent gender gap in leadership positions.

22%–44%

STAIR, DBT, Seeking Safety

39.3%

Cross-sectional data, retrospective self-reporting for trauma exposure, participant self-selection bias

Skills like awareness, understanding, and effective strategies to modulate emotions

Distress or disability

Sexism, gender bias, societal impact on psychological disorders

Overrepresentation of women in mental health systems, diagnostic gender biases

Clinical biases

Deconstructing language and symbols to analyze the formation of knowledge about specific disorders, with scientific facts in constant change

Strategies to reduce stereotyping and discrimination in the workplace are discussed.

Mothers, especially in traditionally female-dominated occupations, experience a significant wage penalty.

Women tend to adopt participative and transformational styles; men, laissez-faire and transactional.

Single mothers face high levels of stress, impacting children's educational and behavioral challenges.

Occupational Segregation reinforces the gender pay gap through devaluation of women's work and discrimination.

Lips (2011) explores U.S. wage gaps within race/ethnicity.

Women's choices influenced by subtle sexism, racism, and discrimination.

Salary Estimation Effect: Men are assumed to have higher salaries than women in the same jobs.

Gender role stereotypes affect hiring patterns, posing challenges for women applying for high-level jobs.

Low-paid jobs stereotypically considered 'women’s work,' impacted by sexist beliefs.

Gender disparities persist in education, employment, and leadership, necessitating systemic changes.

Lower Pay Expectations for Women persist across ethnic groups and occupations.

Proposed measures include limiting the workweek, expanding FMLA, requiring paid sick leave, and redesigning the tax system.

Type I (single unpredictable event), type II (chronic and sustained), type III (secondary/vicarious trauma), or type IV (intergenerational trauma).

Interpersonal trauma includes sexual and physical abuse, with interpersonal trauma more likely to result in long-term impacts.

Women are 11 times more likely to be victims of sexual offenses, Indigenous women are 3 times more likely to experience gender-based violence, and transgender individuals are nearly twice as likely to experience intimate partner violence.

Child neglect and abuse encompass physical, emotional, and educational neglect, with neglect accounting for 34% of cases.

Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy involves a parent faking or inducing illness in a child, typically leading to death or permanent disability.

Effects include attachment difficulties, cognitive issues, emotional problems, physical consequences, substance abuse, PTSD, and risky behavior.

Adult sexual assault leads to higher rates of depression, anxiety, self-injury, and suicidal ideation, with women being twice as likely to suffer from PTSD.

Low rates of disclosure and conviction, as well as traumagenic dynamics of sexual abuse, contribute to the challenges in addressing and prosecuting cases of abuse and violence.

The study discusses the link between childhood sexual abuse and adult revictimization, finding a relationship with PTSD symptoms and cognitive factors.

It highlights the interconnected nature of self-blame, coping responses, and PTSD symptoms in survivors of sexual abuse.

The limitations of the study include its retrospective design, reliance on self-report measures, and potential underestimation of PTSD in the college sample.

Clinical implications emphasize the need for tailored interventions addressing coping strategies, self-blame, and PTSD symptoms to prevent revictimization.

The lecture and readings discuss the increased likelihood of abused girls becoming delinquents and criminals, along with substance abuse and mental health problems among women offenders.

The text covers the dynamics of trafficking, risks and consequences for sex trade workers, and gender differences in incarcerated women compared to the general population.

It explores the symptoms of PTSD and their impact on victims, illustrating PTSD symptoms in witnesses through case examples.

The severity of abuse experiences, psychological symptoms, and coping difficulties are higher among imprisoned women, with correctional systems likely to replicate traumagenic processes.

The parallels between the dynamics of abuse and incarceration are highlighted, including powerlessness, stigmatization, betrayal, and retraumatization.

The article 'Under Pressure: Women Who Plead Guilty to Crimes They Have Not Committed' focuses on women falsely confessing to crimes and the factors leading to such confessions.

The study conducted semi-structured interviews with 50 convicted women in an English prison, exploring their relationships with co-defendants and the circumstances leading to false confessions.

It discusses coercion, emotional blackmail, intimidation, and co-dependency as factors leading women to confess to crimes they did not commit, raising questions about gender-specific needs in the criminal justice system.