Uzma glossary medical terms mcq G-M

What is the function of a GTPase-activating protein (GAP)?

What does guanine base-pair with in DNA?

Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of cyclic GMP from GTP?

What is the clinical procedure involving the transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells used for the treatment of cancer and hematopoietic diseases called?

Which virus can lead to the development of liver cancer and belongs to a family of DNA viruses?

What type of chromatin is condensed and transcriptionally inactive?

What do you call an interaction between two different types of cell adhesion molecules?

Which type of protein mediates the adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix?

What is the primary function of a hormone?

What term describes a chemical bond that releases a large amount of free energy when hydrolyzed?

Which process involves the addition of acetyl groups to specific lysine residues on histones?

What is the name for the proteins that package DNA in eukaryotic chromosomes?

What term describes recombination between DNA segments with homologous nucleotide sequences?

What is the primary function of an ion channel?

Which type of molecule is soluble in water

What is the term for an interaction between cell adhesion molecules of the same type?

Which of the following is a family of proteins consisting of three subunits and plays a role in signal transduction?

In which organelle are most of the ATP molecules in eukaryotic cells synthesized by oxidative phosphorylation?

What is the term for the division of diploid cells into haploid progeny, consisting of two sequential rounds of nuclear and cellular division?

What is the name for a small vesicle formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted?

Which type of RNA molecule serves as a template for protein synthesis?

Which type of blood cell is specialized for phagocytosis and plays a role in immune responses?

What is the term for the process that removes mismatched bases from newly synthesized DNA strands?

Which organelle contains enzymes that break down biological polymers, acting as the "cellular garbage disposal"?

What is the term for the process that involves the uptake of fluids in large vesicles by cells?

What is the name for a naturally occurring short noncoding RNA that regulates gene expression?

Which process involves the rapid passage of ions across a membrane by forming open pores through the lipid bilayer?

What is the term for a family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases associated with cytokine receptors?

Which enzyme catalyzes the unwinding of DNA during processes like replication and transcription?

What is the term for the process by which cells are fused together to create a hybrid cell with properties of both parent cells?

What is the principal adhesion protein found in basal laminae?

Which type of cancer arises from the precursors of circulating blood cells?

What is the name for the process of preventing the inheritance of mitochondrial diseases by replacing a patient's mitochondria with mitochondria from a normal donor, often in conjunction with in vitro fertilization?

Which type of microtubule of the mitotic spindle attaches to condensed chromosomes at their centromeres?

What is the term for the protein complex formed at unattached kinetochores, inhibiting progression to anaphase until all chromosomes are aligned on the metaphase spindle?

What is the name for the process of inserting a DNA fragment of interest into a vector for independent replication in a host cell?

What type of RNA molecule is longer than 200 nucleotides and regulates gene expression?

Which process is responsible for the rapid movement of fibroblasts involving actin-based extensions of the plasma membrane?

Which protein family contains structural domains similar to immunoglobulins and plays a role in cell adhesion?

What is the term for a motor protein that moves along microtubules, usually toward the plus end?

What is the name for the cytoskeletal filament that provides mechanical strength to cells in tissues and includes proteins like keratin and neurofilament?

In the cell cycle, what is the period between mitoses that includes the G1, S, and G2 phases called?

What is the term for the process that transmits chemical signals from the cell surface to their intracellular targets?

What is the noncoding sequence that interrupts exons in a gene called?

Which type of RNA molecule serves as a template for protein synthesis?

What is the term for an actin-based protrusion of the plasma membrane involved in the absorption of substances by certain cells?

Which type of cytoskeleton filament is composed of actin and plays a role in cell shape and motility?

What is the name for a protein that interacts with actin as a molecular motor and is involved in muscle contraction and other cellular processes?

Which type of blood cell is responsible for producing antibodies in the immune response?

Which organelle contains enzymes that break down biological polymers and cellular waste, often referred to as the "cellular garbage disposal"?

What is the process of introducing a lipid vesicle containing DNA into mammalian cells called?

Which term refers to a region of contact between cells and the extracellular matrix where keratin filaments are attached to integrin?

What is the term for the process of introducing mutations into cloned DNA in vitro?

Which type of microtubules of the mitotic spindle overlap in the center of the cell and push the spindle poles apart?

In which phase of the cell cycle do cells prepare for DNA replication, growth, and eventual division?

Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of cyclic GMP from GTP?

What is the term for the modification of histones by the addition of acetyl groups to specific lysine residues?

What is the term for an organism or cell that has one copy of each chromosome?

What is the family of cell adhesion molecules that contain structural domains similar to immunoglobulins?

Which process involves the association of hydrophobic molecules with each other to minimize their interaction with water?

Which protein family consists of three subunits and is involved in signal transduction by binding to GTP and GDP?

What is the term for a signaling molecule produced by an endocrine gland that acts on cells at distant body sites?

Which type of RNA is involved in the processing of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in the nucleolus?

What is the term for a protein embedded within the lipid bilayer of cell membranes?

Which enzyme catalyzes the unwinding of DNA during processes such as replication and transcription?

What is the term for a member of a family of DNA viruses that can infect liver cells and may lead to the development of liver cancer?

Which process involves recombination between segments of DNA with homologous nucleotide sequences?

What is the name for the period of the cell cycle between mitoses, including the G1, S, and G2 phases?

Which protein complex stimulates the transcription of eukaryotic protein-coding genes and allows them to respond to gene-specific regulatory factors?

What is the term for a protein that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of ions across a membrane?

Which term refers to a type of RNA molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

What is the process of inserting a DNA fragment of interest into a DNA molecule (vector) for independent replication in a host cell called?

Which type of cell adhesion molecule mediates the adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix?

What is the term for the protein complex that forms at unattached kinetochores and inhibits progression to anaphase until all chromosomes are aligned on the metaphase spindle?

Which type of RNA molecule serves as a template for protein synthesis and carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes?

What is the name for an adult somatic cell that has been reprogrammed in culture to resemble an embryonic stem cell?

What is the term for the spread of cancer cells through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to other organ sites?

Which type of cancer arises from the precursors of circulating blood cells and affects the blood and bone marrow?

Which eicosanoid is synthesized from arachidonic acid and plays a role in inflammation and immune responses?

What is the term for a rare skin cancer caused by Merkel cell polyomavirus in humans?

Which protein kinase is involved in the regulation of protein synthesis and autophagy in response to growth factors, nutrients, and energy availability?

What is the term for a discrete plasma membrane domain formed as a cluster of cholesterol and sphingolipids?

Which type of microtubules extend from the spindle poles and interact with the cell cortex during cell division?

What is the term for the enzyme that cleaves presequences from proteins imported to the matrix of mitochondria?

Which family of protein kinases is associated with cytokine receptors and plays a role in signal transduction?

Which region of the plant cell wall acts as a glue to hold adjacent cells together?

What is the term for a protein that interacts with actin as a molecular motor and is involved in intracellular transport along microtubules?

What is the term for a blood cell specialized for phagocytosis and involved in inflammatory reactions?

Which protein family includes proteins that inhibit apoptosis by interacting with caspases?

What is the term for a broad, actin-based extension of the plasma membrane involved in the movement of fibroblasts?

Which protein forms the nuclear lamina and provides structural support to the cell nucleus?

Which protein is responsible for the rapid passage of ions across a membrane by forming open pores through the phospholipid bilayer?

Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of cyclic GMP from GTP?

What is the term for a region of heterochromatin associated with the nuclear lamina?

Which type of RNA is longer than 200 nucleotides and regulates gene expression?

What is the term for the process of inserting mutations into cloned DNA in vitro?

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of most of the ATP in eukaryotic cells by oxidative phosphorylation?

Which protein complex forms at unattached kinetochores and inhibits progression to anaphase until all chromosomes are properly aligned on the metaphase spindle?

What is the term for the process of preventing the inheritance of mitochondrial diseases by replacing a patient's mitochondria with mitochondria from a normal donor in conjunction with in vitro fertilization?

Which type of RNA molecule is involved in the processing of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in the nucleolus?

What is the term for a protein kinase that phosphorylates and activates members of the ERK family of MAP kinases?

Which protein is responsible for synthesizing ATP during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Which protein kinase activates myosin II by phosphorylating its regulatory light chain?

What is the term for a small vesicle formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted?

Which protein is responsible for the movement of cilia and flagella in eukaryotic cells?

Which blood cell type functions in the immune response, with B lymphocytes producing antibodies and T lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity?

What is the term for a protein that packages DNA in eukaryotic chromosomes?

Which phase of the cell cycle includes G1, S, and G2 phases and occurs between mitotic divisions?

What is the term for a protein that functions in the initiation stage of translation?

Which cellular organelle contains enzymes that break down biological polymers and is often referred to as the "cell's recycling center"?

Which RNA molecule serves as a template for protein synthesis during translation?

What is the term for a protein embedded within the lipid bilayer of cell membranes, allowing it to span the membrane?

Which type of cilia are responsible for cell movement?

What is the term for a protein that binds to microtubules and modifies their stability?

Which type of RNA molecule is involved in the splicing of pre-mRNA during gene expression?

Which protein kinase is associated with the regulation of cell growth and differentiation in response to extracellular signals?

What is the term for the phase of the cell cycle during which nuclear division occurs, leading to the separation of daughter chromosomes?

Which protein is responsible for the formation of tight junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes, creating a junctional complex at cell-cell contacts?

What is the term for the phase of the cell cycle during which DNA replication occurs?

Which protein kinase is associated with cytokine receptors and plays a role in signal transduction?

Which process involves the division of diploid cells into haploid progeny through two sequential rounds of nuclear and cellular division?

What is the term for the modification of histones by the addition of acetyl groups to specific lysine residues?

Which type of interaction occurs between cell adhesion molecules of the same type?

What is the term for soluble molecules produced by endocrine glands that act on cells at distant body sites to regulate various physiological processes?

Which cytoskeletal filament provides mechanical strength to cells in tissues and is about 10 nm in diameter?

What is the term for a protein that inhibits apoptosis by interacting with caspases?

Which term refers to a cancer arising from the precursors of circulating blood cells?

Which human herpesvirus can cause Kaposi's sarcoma, a rare skin cancer?

Which class of microtubules of the mitotic spindle overlaps in the center of the cell and pushes the spindle poles apart?

What is the term for the specialized structure consisting of proteins attached to a centromere that mediates the attachment and movement of chromosomes along the mitotic spindle?

Which enzyme catalyzes the unwinding of DNA during processes such as replication and transcription?