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Understanding the Concept of Culture

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Questions and Answers

According to Arnolds (1867), how did he define culture?

The complex whole that includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, customs, and other human capabilities

Special or artistic activities of humans termed 'high culture' (correct)

A matter of aesthetics where everyone is involved

A quality shared by all people in a social group

What did Tylor (1870) indicate is included in the 'complex whole' of culture?

Knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, customs, and other human capabilities (correct)

Only customs and law

Only art and morals

Only knowledge and beliefs

What did the author mention leads to a cultural gap among social groups?

Variations in religious practices

Categorization of social groups into savages and civilized people (correct)

Differences in climate conditions

Differences in the level of education

How did the views of Arnolds and Tylor contribute to the field of cultural studies?

They resulted in a shift from culture as an aesthetic thing to a scientific discipline Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Arnolds' and Tylor's perspectives on culture?

'High culture' vs a quality shared by all people in a social group Signup and view all the answers

What did Boas propose in the early 20th century regarding culture?

Culture should not be classified as low or high. Signup and view all the answers

According to Krober & Kluckhohn (1952), what constitutes the essential core of culture?

Traditional ideas and their attached values Signup and view all the answers

How did Schwartz (1992) define culture in relation to individuals of a population?

Images or encodements created by individuals themselves Signup and view all the answers

Matsumoto (1996) argued that culture is different for each individual. Why?

Because each person's interpretation and communication of culture vary. Signup and view all the answers

How did Harris (1975) define culture as a social phenomenon?

Patterned ways of thinking that differ among societies Signup and view all the answers