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Questions and Answers
What is the role of astrocytes in the nervous system?
What is the role of astrocytes in the nervous system?
Which cells act as 'brain macrophages' and protect the brain from pathogens?
Which cells act as 'brain macrophages' and protect the brain from pathogens?
What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron?
What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron?
What maintains the concentration gradient in neurons?
What maintains the concentration gradient in neurons?
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What type of channel is triggered by a change in membrane potential and is important for action potential?
What type of channel is triggered by a change in membrane potential and is important for action potential?
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What determines the driving force for ion movement across the neuron membrane?
What determines the driving force for ion movement across the neuron membrane?
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Which cells are responsible for myelination of axons in the nervous system?
Which cells are responsible for myelination of axons in the nervous system?
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What is the role of ependymal cells in the nervous system?
What is the role of ependymal cells in the nervous system?
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What type of cells allow communication with the rest of the body in the nervous system?
What type of cells allow communication with the rest of the body in the nervous system?
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What is the threshold value that needs to be reached to trigger an action potential?
What is the threshold value that needs to be reached to trigger an action potential?
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During which stage of the action potential do sodium channels become completely inactivated?
During which stage of the action potential do sodium channels become completely inactivated?
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What causes the membrane potential to go more negative than usual during action potential?
What causes the membrane potential to go more negative than usual during action potential?
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What type of conduction involves the AP 'jumping' from node to node where there is no myelin sheath?
What type of conduction involves the AP 'jumping' from node to node where there is no myelin sheath?
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What helps the action potential to conduct quicker by reducing resistance?
What helps the action potential to conduct quicker by reducing resistance?
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What causes the membrane to become more positive during depolarisation?
What causes the membrane to become more positive during depolarisation?
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What happens to the membrane potential when the K+ channels are too slow to close?
What happens to the membrane potential when the K+ channels are too slow to close?
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During the action potential, the membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential due to the slow closure of K+ channels.
During the action potential, the membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential due to the slow closure of K+ channels.
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The threshold value to trigger an action potential is -70mV.
The threshold value to trigger an action potential is -70mV.
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Saltatory conduction is the process by which the action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to another along a myelinated axon.
Saltatory conduction is the process by which the action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to another along a myelinated axon.
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Axon diameter has no effect on the speed of propagation of action potentials.
Axon diameter has no effect on the speed of propagation of action potentials.
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The resting membrane potential of a neuron is around -50mV.
The resting membrane potential of a neuron is around -50mV.
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Neurons are capable of sending signals themselves, in addition to allowing communication with the rest of the body.
Neurons are capable of sending signals themselves, in addition to allowing communication with the rest of the body.
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The resting membrane potential of a neuron is primarily determined by the high concentration of sodium ions inside the cell.
The resting membrane potential of a neuron is primarily determined by the high concentration of sodium ions inside the cell.
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Ependymal cells are responsible for both the production and movement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the nervous system.
Ependymal cells are responsible for both the production and movement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the nervous system.
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Oligodendrocytes are responsible for the myelination of axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Oligodendrocytes are responsible for the myelination of axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
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The driving force for ion movement across the neuron membrane is determined solely by the electrical gradient.
The driving force for ion movement across the neuron membrane is determined solely by the electrical gradient.
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Study Notes
Astrocytes and Brain Macrophages
- Astrocytes play a crucial role in the nervous system.
- Microglia act as 'brain macrophages' and protect the brain from pathogens.
Neuron Membrane Potential
- The resting membrane potential of a neuron is around -70mV.
- The concentration gradient in neurons is maintained by the sodium-potassium pump.
- The driving force for ion movement across the neuron membrane is determined by both the electrical and concentration gradients.
Action Potential
- Voltage-gated channels are triggered by a change in membrane potential and are important for action potential.
- The threshold value that needs to be reached to trigger an action potential is -70mV.
- During the action potential, sodium channels become completely inactivated during the refractory period.
- The membrane potential becomes more negative than usual during the action potential due to the slow closure of K+ channels.
Myelination and Conduction
- Oligodendrocytes are responsible for the myelination of axons in the central nervous system (CNS), while Schwann cells are responsible for myelination in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
- Saltatory conduction is the process by which the action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to another along a myelinated axon.
- The myelin sheath helps the action potential to conduct quicker by reducing resistance.
- The diameter of the axon has an effect on the speed of propagation of action potentials.
Ependymal Cells and Cerebrospinal Fluid
- Ependymal cells are responsible for both the production and movement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the nervous system.
Neuron Functionality
- Neurons are capable of sending signals themselves, in addition to allowing communication with the rest of the body.
- The resting membrane potential of a neuron is not primarily determined by the high concentration of sodium ions inside the cell.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the components of the central and peripheral nervous systems, including cells such as astrocytes, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and neurons. Explore how these cells contribute to the function of the nervous system.
