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Questions and Answers
What type of study involves the researcher simply observing the subjects without interfering in a situation that is already occurring?
What type of study involves the researcher simply observing the subjects without interfering in a situation that is already occurring?
In an observational study, what control does the researcher have over what happens to the subjects?
In an observational study, what control does the researcher have over what happens to the subjects?
What type of study collects data at a specific point in time from different samples, like a 'snapshot'?
What type of study collects data at a specific point in time from different samples, like a 'snapshot'?
Which of the following is NOT true about observational studies?
Which of the following is NOT true about observational studies?
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What is one limitation of a cross-sectional study highlighted in the text?
What is one limitation of a cross-sectional study highlighted in the text?
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How does a longitudinal study differ from a cross-sectional study?
How does a longitudinal study differ from a cross-sectional study?
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In an experimental study, what is the role of the control group?
In an experimental study, what is the role of the control group?
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What is an extraneous variable in an experimental study?
What is an extraneous variable in an experimental study?
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Why is it important to have an experimental and a control group in a study seeking causality?
Why is it important to have an experimental and a control group in a study seeking causality?
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Which group begins eating only organic food in an experimental study described in the text?
Which group begins eating only organic food in an experimental study described in the text?
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What is the main responsibility of a statistician before organizing, analyzing, interpreting, or presenting data?
What is the main responsibility of a statistician before organizing, analyzing, interpreting, or presenting data?
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In an observational study, what distinguishes a cross-sectional study from a longitudinal study?
In an observational study, what distinguishes a cross-sectional study from a longitudinal study?
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What makes a survey an example of an observational study?
What makes a survey an example of an observational study?
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If a researcher wants to determine the effects of organic food on health in a non-experimental setting, what type of study should they consider?
If a researcher wants to determine the effects of organic food on health in a non-experimental setting, what type of study should they consider?
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In an experimental study seeking to determine the effects of organic food consumption on health, what is the purpose of having a control group?
In an experimental study seeking to determine the effects of organic food consumption on health, what is the purpose of having a control group?
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How can extraneous variables affect the results of an experimental study?
How can extraneous variables affect the results of an experimental study?
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What distinguishes an experimental study from an observational study?
What distinguishes an experimental study from an observational study?
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What is the primary limitation of using a cross-sectional study design as highlighted in the text?
What is the primary limitation of using a cross-sectional study design as highlighted in the text?
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Why do experimental studies typically involve dividing subjects into an experimental group and a control group?
Why do experimental studies typically involve dividing subjects into an experimental group and a control group?
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What is the purpose of conducting a longitudinal study over a cross-sectional study when investigating causal relationships?
What is the purpose of conducting a longitudinal study over a cross-sectional study when investigating causal relationships?
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Study Notes
Observational Studies
- In an observational study, the researcher simply observes the subjects without interfering in a situation that is already occurring, and has no control over what happens to the subjects.
- Observational studies are used to collect data at a specific point in time from different samples, like a 'snapshot'.
- One limitation of a cross-sectional study is that it only provides a snapshot of the data at a single point in time and does not show causal relationships.
Experimental Studies
- In an experimental study, the control group does not receive the treatment being tested, and is used as a baseline to compare with the experimental group.
- An extraneous variable in an experimental study is a factor that can affect the outcome of the study, but is not the variable being tested.
- Having an experimental and a control group in a study is important to establish causality, as it allows researchers to isolate the effect of the independent variable.
Study Design
- A longitudinal study differs from a cross-sectional study in that it involves collecting data over a longer period of time, rather than at a single point in time.
- A survey is an example of an observational study because it involves collecting data through self-reported responses.
Research Methods
- If a researcher wants to determine the effects of organic food on health in a non-experimental setting, they should consider a longitudinal study.
- In an experimental study, the control group is used to provide a basis for comparison with the experimental group, to determine the effect of the independent variable.
Limitations
- Extraneous variables can affect the results of an experimental study by introducing confounding factors that influence the outcome.
- The primary limitation of using a cross-sectional study design is that it does not allow researchers to establish causal relationships between variables.
Experimental Design
- Experimental studies involve dividing subjects into an experimental group and a control group to establish causality.
- The purpose of conducting a longitudinal study over a cross-sectional study is to investigate causal relationships by collecting data over a longer period of time.
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Description
Learn about observational studies, a research method where researchers observe subjects without interfering. Explore the differences between observational and experimental studies, as well as the importance of collecting primary data.