Temperature & Kinetic theory of gases
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Questions and Answers

What is the result of decreasing the volume of a gas?

  • No change in pressure
  • A decrease in pressure
  • An increase in pressure (correct)
  • A constant product of pressure and volume
  • What is the ideal gas law related to?

  • The temperature of a solid
  • The number of gas molecules
  • The product of pressure and volume (correct)
  • The pressure of a liquid
  • What is the basis of different kinds of thermometers?

  • The numerical value of temperature
  • The expansion of mercury in a fever thermometer
  • The common use of the Celsius scale
  • The existence of some thermometric property of matter (correct)
  • What is the unit of temperature required for applying the ideal gas law?

    <p>Kelvin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a temperature scale?

    <p>To assign a numerical value to the temperature of a body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard temperature scale in terms of which all other scales are defined?

    <p>Kelvin scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of reducing the volume of a gas to half its original value?

    <p>The pressure of the gas is doubled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the Kelvin scale chosen as the standard?

    <p>Because various laws of physics are most simply expressed in terms of this scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Boyle's law related to?

    <p>The relationship between pressure and volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the constant 'k' known as?

    <p>Boltzmann's constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of zero on the absolute scale?

    <p>It has fundamental significance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a mercury thermometer?

    <p>To give a quantitative measure of temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a molecule strikes a surface?

    <p>It bounces off, exerting a small force on the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the collisions of molecules with the surface?

    <p>A fluctuating force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average kinetic energy of an ideal gas molecule?

    <p>1/2 kT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the motion of molecules in a container?

    <p>Random and chaotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the enormous number of molecules striking the surface of a macroscopic container?

    <p>A negligible change in the net force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature does water boil when the surrounding air is at a pressure of 1.00 atm?

    <p>100°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the saturated vapor pressure of air at 100°C?

    <p>1.00 atm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the boiling point of water when the surrounding air pressure is decreased?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the fractional increase in volume and the increase in temperature?

    <p>They are directly proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume coefficient of expansion denoted by?

    <p>β</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio ΔV/V for the water heated from 20°C to 25°C in both a 1 liter sample and a 1000 m³ swimming pool?

    <p>10⁻³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the vapor considered 'saturated'?

    <p>When the number of molecules in the vapor reaches its maximum value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the rate of evaporation as the temperature of a liquid increases?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for a liquid to boil?

    <p>When the vapor pressure equals the surrounding air pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the saturated vapor pressure as the temperature of a liquid increases?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what state is the rate of evaporation equal to the rate of molecules reentering the liquid?

    <p>Equilibrium state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the density of the vapor phase as the temperature of a liquid increases?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a solid is heated, its linear dimensions decrease.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The linear expansion coefficient of a solid is a measure of the fractional change in its volume.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The volume coefficient of expansion for a solid is equal to its linear coefficient.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The expansion of a solid is always proportional to the change in temperature.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The thermal expansion of a solid is anisotropic, meaning it expands differently in different directions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The linear expansion coefficient of a solid is typically measured in units of 1/K.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The thermal expansion of a solid is reversible, meaning it returns to its original shape when cooled.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The volume of a solid always increases when it is heated.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The thermal expansion of a solid is affected by the material's composition.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The thermal expansion of a solid is a slow process, taking hours or days to occur.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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