Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the BEST example of a system, as defined in the text?
Which of the following is the BEST example of a system, as defined in the text?
- An automatic car wash that cleans cars using water, soap, and processes. (correct)
- A group of people with no common goals.
- A collection of random objects on a table.
- A single, isolated component performing a task independently.
Efficiency in a system is solely determined by the quantity of output, regardless of the input consumed.
Efficiency in a system is solely determined by the quantity of output, regardless of the input consumed.
False (B)
In the context of systems, what role does feedback play?
In the context of systems, what role does feedback play?
Feedback is used to make changes to input or processing activities.
A system's __________ is a measure of the extent to which it achieves its goals.
A system's __________ is a measure of the extent to which it achieves its goals.
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Which of the following is NOT a typical component of an information system?
Which of the following is NOT a typical component of an information system?
The terms 'information' and 'data' should always be strictly differentiated, with 'data' referring only to unprocessed facts.
The terms 'information' and 'data' should always be strictly differentiated, with 'data' referring only to unprocessed facts.
What is a system performance standard, and why is it important?
What is a system performance standard, and why is it important?
In the context of information systems, __________ involves keeping data and information available for future use, including output.
In the context of information systems, __________ involves keeping data and information available for future use, including output.
Match the following examples with the system component they represent:
Match the following examples with the system component they represent:
What is the primary purpose of the feedback mechanism in an information system?
What is the primary purpose of the feedback mechanism in an information system?
Forecasting in information systems is only used to react to current problems, not to proactively avoid future ones.
Forecasting in information systems is only used to react to current problems, not to proactively avoid future ones.
Define 'information' according to Claude Shannon's perspective, and explain how it differs from the definition used in business information systems.
Define 'information' according to Claude Shannon's perspective, and explain how it differs from the definition used in business information systems.
In a payroll application, converting the number of hours each employee worked into net pay represents the __________ stage of information processing.
In a payroll application, converting the number of hours each employee worked into net pay represents the __________ stage of information processing.
Match the following actions with the type of system performance evaluation they represent:
Match the following actions with the type of system performance evaluation they represent:
Which of the following best describes the relationship between inputs and outputs in a system?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between inputs and outputs in a system?
A high percentage of defective parts always indicates a highly ineffective system.
A high percentage of defective parts always indicates a highly ineffective system.
How can output from one system serve as input for another? Provide an example.
How can output from one system serve as input for another? Provide an example.
__________ is defined as that which reduces uncertainty.
__________ is defined as that which reduces uncertainty.
Match the following concepts to their correct examples:
Match the following concepts to their correct examples:
What is the formula for calculating effectiveness?
What is the formula for calculating effectiveness?
The 'processing' stage in an information system only involves calculations and does not include comparing data or storing it for future use.
The 'processing' stage in an information system only involves calculations and does not include comparing data or storing it for future use.
Explain the difference between a reactive and a proactive approach to feedback in a computer system. Provide an example of proactive feedback.
Explain the difference between a reactive and a proactive approach to feedback in a computer system. Provide an example of proactive feedback.
System performance can be measured using __________, which is a measure of of what is produced divided by what is consumed.
System performance can be measured using __________, which is a measure of of what is produced divided by what is consumed.
Match the stages in an information system to their corresponding examples in a university grading system:
Match the stages in an information system to their corresponding examples in a university grading system:
Flashcards
System
System
A set of elements interacting to achieve goals, with inputs, processing, outputs, and feedback.
System Inputs
System Inputs
Materials, energy, skill, and knowledge needed to operate a system.
Processing Mechanism
Processing Mechanism
The process of converting inputs into outputs within a system.
System Output
System Output
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Feedback Mechanism
Feedback Mechanism
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Efficiency
Efficiency
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Effectiveness
Effectiveness
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System Performance Standard
System Performance Standard
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Information (Shannon's definition)
Information (Shannon's definition)
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Information
Information
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Data (Philosophical definition)
Data (Philosophical definition)
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Information System (IS)
Information System (IS)
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Input (in IS)
Input (in IS)
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Processing (in IS)
Processing (in IS)
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Storage (in IS)
Storage (in IS)
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Output (in IS)
Output (in IS)
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Feedback (in IS)
Feedback (in IS)
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Forecasting
Forecasting
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Study Notes
- A system is a set of elements which interact to accomplish goals.
- The elements and the relationships between them determine how the system works.
- Systems contain inputs, processing mechanisms, outputs, and feedback.
- A system processes the input to create the output.
- Tangible inputs for an automatic car wash include a dirty car, water, and cleaning ingredients.
- Intangible inputs for an automatic car wash also include time, energy, skill, and knowledge.
- Processing mechanisms in a car wash involve selecting a cleaning option and communicating it to the operator.
- System elements like liquid sprayers, foaming brushes, and air dryers interact to clean the car.
- A feedback mechanism in a car wash system is the assessment of how clean the car is.
System Performance
- System performance can be measured in terms of efficiency and effectiveness.
- Efficiency is a measure of output divided by input.
- The efficiency of a motor is the energy produced divided by the energy consumed.
- Effectiveness is a measure of the extent to which a system achieves its goals.
- Effectiveness is goals achieved divided by total stated goals.
- Evaluating system performance requires using performance standards.
- A system performance standard is a specific objective of the system.
- System performance is measured and compared with the standard after establishment.
- Variances from the standard determine system performance.
Information
- Information reduces uncertainty
- Information is a collection of facts, taking forms like numbers, audio, visuals, text, images, and video clips.
- Data: a variation.
- The traditional view is that unprocessed facts are data, while processed facts are information.
- Information and data are interchangeably defined as a collection of facts in various formats.
Information Systems
- An information system (IS) is a set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, store, and disseminate information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective.
- The feedback mechanism of information systems helps organizations achieve goals.
- Input in information systems is the activity of gathering and capturing data.
- Processing means converting or transforming input into useful outputs.
- Processing can involve making calculations, comparing data, taking alternative actions, and storing data for future use.
- Storage involves keeping data and information available for future use, including output.
- Output involves producing useful information in the form of documents and reports.
- Output from one system can become input for another.
- Feedback is information from the system used to make changes to input or processing activities.
- Feedback helps correct input data or change a process by identifying errors or problems.
- Information systems check data ranges to ensure accuracy and provide feedback when data is out of range.
- Feedback assists managers and decision-makers.
- Computerized feedback systems can link suppliers and manufacturing plants.
- A manager can use feedback to decide to order more wood from a supplier.
- Computer systems can be proactive by predicting future events to avoid problems.
- Forecasting estimates future sales and orders more inventory before shortages occur.
- Forecasting predicts future events like the strength and path of hurricanes, stock-market values, and election outcomes.
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