Understanding Stimulus Control and Behavior Modification

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Questions and Answers

The picture would be called a(n) ______________________ for assisting in establishing the reading response.

Prompt

What procedure had Col. Peterson used: ______________________.

Fading

What procedure did Mr. Howard use: __________________________.

Programming

What procedure did Ms. Jaimes use to teach Martha to identify any map of Kansas: ______________________.

Programming Signup and view all the answers

What behavioral procedure did Dr. Miller use: ________________.

Programming Signup and view all the answers

What procedure did the networks use to teach fans to identify an instant replay: ______________________________.

Fading Signup and view all the answers

Fading is the temporary use of a prompt to establish a simple ______________________ between two stimuli.

Discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What procedure did Howard use to teach Natalie how to plant a seed: ____________________.

Fading Signup and view all the answers

This procedure is technically called _______________.

Fading Signup and view all the answers

The gradual elimination of a prompt is called ___________________.

Fading Signup and view all the answers

What procedure had Gloria used to teach Tom the formula: __________________________.

Fading Signup and view all the answers

This would be called a(n) __________________.

Prompt Signup and view all the answers

You can try to increase its probability of occurring by temporarily using a(n) _______________.

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Tactic #4 in the stimulus control strategy is creating complex stimulus control through __________________________.

Imitation Training Signup and view all the answers

What procedure was Claude using: ________________________.

Instructional Training Signup and view all the answers

A procedure of training in which the teacher demonstrates the behavior and then reinforces the learner is called _____________________.

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The use of a verbal description of behavior and reinforcement of the correct behavior to teach a new behavior is called __________________.

Instructional Training Signup and view all the answers

If a teacher describes how to perform a behavior, watches the learner try it, and provides reinforcement for correct performance, he or she is using what procedure: ______________________.

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What procedure is the teacher using: ____________________________.

Imitation Training Signup and view all the answers

When using imitation training, the teacher provides a behavioral demonstration of what the learner is supposed to do. What is the technical name for that demonstration: ______________________.

Imitative Stimulus or Model Signup and view all the answers

What procedure did Ken employ to teach Sue how to jog: ______________________________.

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What procedure is he employing: _______________________.

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When using instructional training, the teacher uses words to define the desired behavior. Those words are technically called a(n) _______________________.

Verbal Description Signup and view all the answers

People will continue to follow instructions only if they are frequently ______________________ for doing so.

Reinforced Signup and view all the answers

What procedure is the supervisor using: ______________________.

Imitation Training Signup and view all the answers

What procedure did Lori use to get Jeff to put his books away: ______________________.

Instructional Training Signup and view all the answers

The learner's behavior is technically called __________________.

Imitative Behavior Signup and view all the answers

The field of cognition is behavior under what?

Stimulus Control Signup and view all the answers

What affects a person's behavior?

Stimulus Signup and view all the answers

The first tactic in using the stimulus control strategy is to narrow stimulus control through what?

Discrimination Training Signup and view all the answers

What is a procedure where a behavior is reinforced in the presence of one stimulus and extinguished in the presence of another?

Discrimination Training Signup and view all the answers

What precedes a behavior and is present only if reinforcement will occur for that behavior?

SD (discriminative stimulus) Signup and view all the answers

What precedes a behavior and is present only if extinction will occur for that behavior?

S-delta Signup and view all the answers

What is a behavior that is more likely to occur in the presence of the SD than in the presence of the S-delta?

Discriminated Behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the increased probability of a discriminated behavior produced by a stimulus?

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What always occurs before the behavior?

SD Signup and view all the answers

What is the increase in behaviors from an event that follows the behavior?

Reinforcement Control Signup and view all the answers

What is the increase in behavior from an event that precedes the behavior?

Stimulus Control Signup and view all the answers

If a person is reinforced in one situation for a particular behavior and extinguished in another situation for that same behavior, what procedure are they being influenced by?

Discrimination Training Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for a complex procedure where Behavior A is reinforced in Situation #1 and extinguished in Situation #2, while Behavior B is reinforced in Situation #2 and extinguished in Situation #1?

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If Connie answers the phone only when it is ringing, how would we refer to her answering the phone?

Discriminated Behavior Signup and view all the answers

If Lenny answers '15' when asked 'What is 3 x 5?' but not when asked 'What is 4 x 5?' we say that the question 'What is 3 x 5?' exerts [__________] over his answer of '15'.

Stimulus Control Signup and view all the answers

If Jane answered 'uno' when asked 'What is the Spanish word for one?' but not when asked 'What is the Spanish word for two?', we would say that the question 'What is the Spanish word for one?' exerts [__________] over the response 'uno'.

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If a discrimination training procedure is successful it will teach an individual to respond in the presence of a(n) [a] and not respond in the presence of a(n) [b].

A= SD, B= S-delta Signup and view all the answers

What procedure are the parents using to change when Darry uses the word 'doggy'?

Discrimination Training Signup and view all the answers

What do we call the familiar 'golden arches' that Archie saw while in Japan that reinforced his behavior?

Discriminative Stimulus, SD, or Prompt Signup and view all the answers

What procedure influenced Samantha's wearing jeans under some circumstances but not others?

Discrimination Training Signup and view all the answers

For the response '8', a card with the number '5' on it would be called a(n) [__________].

S-Delta Signup and view all the answers

If Ken calls the blonde 'Carol' but does not call the brunette 'Carol', how would we characterize his behavior?

Discriminated Behavior Signup and view all the answers

If Lena calls her teacher 'Mrs. King' in class but not out on the street, what does Mrs. King in the classroom situation exert over her naming behavior?

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If Gloria peeps when the light is on in Todd's room but not when it is off, how would we describe her peeping?

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If a behavior occurs more frequently in the presence of the S-D than the S-delta, we say that the stimulus exerts [___________] over that behavior.

Stimulus Control Signup and view all the answers

What procedure is Professor Brainbuster using to teach Laura the difference between talking to him in class and outside of class?

Discrimination Training Signup and view all the answers

Stimulus control is the increased probability of a discriminated behavior that is produced by what?

Stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What is it called when reinforcing a behavior in the presence of one stimulus and extinguishing it in the presence of another?

Discrimination Training Signup and view all the answers

For the response '100', the words '5 x 20 = ?' are called a(n) [_________].

Discriminated Stimulus Signup and view all the answers

If Fred is praised for calling the tree with the shaggy bark a 'hickory' but ignored when he calls it a 'maple', what procedure is being applied to his behavior?

Discrimination Training Signup and view all the answers

If a child has learned to say the word 'apple' when she sees the letters A-P-P-L-E, what do we say that the letters exert over her reading-out-loud behavior?

Stimulus Control Signup and view all the answers

What is a set of related stimuli called?

Stimulus Class Signup and view all the answers

Tactic #2 of the stimulus control strategy is to broaden stimulus control through what?

Generalization Training Signup and view all the answers

What is reinforcing behavior in a series of situations until it generalizes to other members of the same stimulus class called?

Generalization Training Signup and view all the answers

What do we call the occurrence of a behavior in the presence of a novel stimulus?

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What method ensures that stimuli similar to those present in the training situation are also present in the everyday situation?

Similar-Stimuli Strategy Signup and view all the answers

When a person trained to respond to one stimulus emits the same response in the presence of a novel stimulus, what is this called?

Generalization Signup and view all the answers

What is the occurrence of a behavior in the presence of a novel stimulus called?

Generalization Signup and view all the answers

A set of related stimuli is called a(n) [__________].

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If members of the Happiness Club reinforced Jan for graciously accepting compliments, what behavioral process accounts for her acceptance of compliments from Dave the next day?

Generalization Signup and view all the answers

What procedure did mom use to improve communication with Ann regarding her boyfriend?

Generalization Training Signup and view all the answers

What do we call the behavioral process in which Gladys begins to criticize Republicans around other conservative business people?

Generalization Signup and view all the answers

If a chronic stutterer learns to speak fluently with friends, what term describes the transfer of this non-stuttering behavior to other situations?

Generalized Signup and view all the answers

The collection of all pairs of objects would be called a(n) [__________].

Stimulus Class Signup and view all the answers

What would a behavior analyst say about Tom's high rate of praise in the dorm not generalizing to his home?

Generalize Signup and view all the answers

Generalization is defined as the occurrence of a behavior in the presence of a(n) [__________].

Novel Stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What procedure accounts for Betty now watering any plant that looks droopy?

Generalization Training Signup and view all the answers

Suppose that Behavior A occurs in the presence of a Stimulus X. If Behavior A has never before been reinforced in the presence of Stimulus X, we say that Behavior A has generalized to a(n) [__________] stimulus.

Novel Signup and view all the answers

What procedure is at work changing Mike's behavior to arrive on time for all classes?

Generalization Training Signup and view all the answers

What procedure refers to reinforcing a behavior until it occurs in the presence of all situations in that stimulus class?

Generalization Training Signup and view all the answers

What tactic involves creating new stimulus control by temporarily using prompts?

Prompts Signup and view all the answers

What kind of stimulus increases the probability that a person will make the correct response in the presence of a novel stimulus?

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What is the temporary use of a prompt that is gradually withdrawn to establish a specific discrimination called?

Fading Signup and view all the answers

What describes the temporary use of a prompt to establish a generalization?

Programming Signup and view all the answers

What is used to teach generalization to a class of stimuli, while fading uses prompts for establishing discrimination?

Programming and Fading Signup and view all the answers

An added stimulus used to help establish a discrimination is called a(n) [__________].

Prompt Signup and view all the answers

What procedure did Ms. Garvey use to help Willie identify a picture of a duck?

Programming Signup and view all the answers

What procedure did Flora use to teach her daughter Melody to read the word 'cat'?

Fading Signup and view all the answers

What procedure was responsible for Claire consistently using her seatbelt after initially learning it through a buzzer?

Fading Signup and view all the answers

What procedure did Katey use to teach Willie to recognize the taste of truffles?

Fading Signup and view all the answers

Programming is the temporary use of a prompt during generalization training to establish what?

Generalization Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a wave that Eli used while teaching his friend to say 'hi'?

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Study Notes

Understanding Stimulus Control and Behavior Modification

Stimulus Control refers to how behavior is influenced by antecedent stimuli.
A Stimulus is anything that can affect a person's behavior.
Discrimination Training is a key tactic used to narrow stimulus control by reinforcing behaviors in the presence of specific stimuli and extinguishing them in others.
Discriminative Stimulus (SD) is present before a behavior and signals that reinforcement is available.
S-delta indicates when a behavior will not be reinforced.
Discriminated Behavior occurs more frequently in the presence of the SD than the S-delta.

The Mechanism of Reinforcement

Reinforcement Control involves the increase of behaviors from consequences that follow the behaviors.
Stimulus Control is the increase in behaviors due to events preceding the behavior.

Importance of Generalization and Training

Generalization Training involves reinforcing a behavior across various situations, encouraging it to occur in similar contexts.
Fading is the gradual removal of prompts to strengthen the discrimination learned previously.
Programming establishes a generalization by using prompts effectively in teaching scenarios.

Practical Examples of Behavior Influence

Specific behaviors can be considered Discriminated Behaviors when they occur distinctly based on the presence of different stimuli.
Reinforcement through social interactions, such as parental praise or peer feedback, often leads to behavioral changes, demonstrating the principles of discrimination and generalization training.

Classifying Stimuli and Responses

A Stimulus Class consists of related stimuli that can trigger similar responses.
The concept of Generalization reflects when a behavior is emitted in the presence of a novel stimulus that resembles or is related to learned stimuli.

Procedures for Behavior Modification

Generalization Training can enhance behaviors learned in specific situations to transfer to new, similar contexts.
Scenarios like answering correctly based on prompts or reinforcement indicate effective use of Discrimination Training and Fading to shape behavior over time.

Conclusion

Behavior is shaped by careful manipulation of stimuli and reinforcement strategies, including discrimination and generalization, highlighting the dynamic interplay between environmental cues, context, and individual response patterns.### Programming and Outcome Recording
Programming involves recording the results of behavior after it has occurred.
Outcome recording is specified as a method of tracking behavior based on its outcome rather than the behavior itself.

Fading

Fading is the process of gradually removing prompts or cues that initially help in learning.
It establishes a simple discrimination between two stimuli, enabling individuals to respond independently over time.
The technique has been employed in various settings, such as sports broadcasting to help fans identify instant replays without external cues.

Imitation Training

Imitation training involves demonstrating desired behaviors and reinforcing the learner upon successful imitation.
Key steps include the teacher demonstrating the behavior, the learner imitating, and the teacher providing reinforcement.
The imitative stimulus or model serves as the example for learners to replicate.

Instructional Training

Instructional training focuses on providing learners with verbal descriptions of behaviors to facilitate understanding and execution.
This method includes steps such as verbal explanations, observation of the learner’s attempt, and reinforcement for correct performance.

Reinforcement

Reinforcement is crucial for behavior maintenance; individuals are more likely to follow instructions when reinforced frequently.
Both imitation and instructional training rely on reinforcement to ensure that desired behaviors are established and sustained.

Practical Applications

Examples of instructional and imitation training include tutoring, skill demonstrations (like skiing), and teaching practical tasks (like planting seeds or jogging).
The integration of feedback and gradual withdrawal of assistance exemplifies effective teaching strategies in various contexts.

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Description

This quiz delves into the concepts of stimulus control and behavior modification, focusing on how antecedent stimuli influence behavior. Key topics include discrimination training, discriminative stimuli, and reinforcement mechanisms. Test your knowledge on these foundational concepts in behavior analysis.