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Questions and Answers
What is the probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis when alpha (α) is 0.05?
What is the probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis when alpha (α) is 0.05?
- 1%
- 0.1%
- 10%
- 5% (correct)
In a two-tailed test, what is the symbol used to denote the alternative hypothesis?
In a two-tailed test, what is the symbol used to denote the alternative hypothesis?
- >
- <
- =
- ≠(correct)
What is the significance of dividing the alpha level by 2 in certain situations?
What is the significance of dividing the alpha level by 2 in certain situations?
- To decrease the probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis
- To account for a one-tailed test (correct)
- To account for a two-tailed test
- To increase the probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis
What is the level of significance also known as?
What is the level of significance also known as?
What is the rejection region in a hypothesis test?
What is the rejection region in a hypothesis test?
What is the purpose of a confidence interval?
What is the purpose of a confidence interval?
What is the alpha level for a 95% confidence interval?
What is the alpha level for a 95% confidence interval?
When is a one-tailed test used?
When is a one-tailed test used?
What is the null hypothesis?
What is the null hypothesis?
What is the purpose of the p-value?
What is the purpose of the p-value?
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Study Notes
- Significance is defined as the quality of being statistically significant, denoted by alpha (α) or a symbol, referring to the degree of significance in which we accept or reject the null hypothesis.
- In public health research, alpha (α) is usually 0.01 or 1%, in social science, alpha (α) is usually 0.05 or 5%, and in other studies, it is 0.10 or 10%.
- This implies that there is a 1%, 5%, or 10% probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis, written as α = 0.01, α = 0.05, or α = 0.10.
- The alternative hypothesis is denoted by a symbol, "≠" (not equal), and when the alternative hypothesis is not in class, the symbol is "≠" (not equal).
- If the alternative hypothesis is not in class, the alpha level will be divided by 2, so the alpha level for 0.01 divided by 2 is 0.005, for 0.05 divided by 2 is 0.025, and for 0.10 divided by 2 is 0.05.
- In a two-tailed test, the alternative hypothesis is two-sided, denoted by "≠" (not equal), and the test is used to determine if the sample mean is significantly different from the population mean.
- In a one-tailed test, the alternative hypothesis is one-sided, denoted by "<" (less than) or ">" (greater than), and the test is used to determine if the sample mean is significantly less than or greater than the population mean.
- The level of significance is also the probability of making the wrong decision when the null hypothesis is true.
- The rejection region is the area under the normal curve where the null hypothesis is rejected.
- A confidence interval is a range of values within which the true population parameter is likely to lie.
- A 90% confidence interval means that there is a 10% probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis.
- A 93% confidence interval means that there is a 7% probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis.
- The alpha level for a 93% confidence interval is 0.07.
- A one-tailed test is used when the alternative hypothesis is one-sided, and a two-tailed test is used when the alternative hypothesis is two-sided.
- The null hypothesis is a statement of no difference or no effect, while the alternative hypothesis is a statement of difference or effect.
- The test statistic is used to determine whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.
- The p-value is the probability of obtaining a result as extreme or more extreme than the one observed, given that the null hypothesis is true.
- If the p-value is less than the alpha level, the null hypothesis is rejected; otherwise, it is failed to reject.
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