Understanding Standardized Testing
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Questions and Answers

What does standardization in standardized testing refer to?

  • The scoring and interpretation of the test results
  • The specific items on the test
  • The type of test being administered
  • The conditions in which the test is given (correct)

    • Why is it important that all students taking a standardized test receive the same amount of time, instructions, and assistance?

  • To reduce test anxiety
  • So that students with disabilities can receive accommodations
  • To make the test more challenging
  • To ensure the test is standardized (correct)

    • What is the average amount of measurement error across students in the norm group?

  • Stanine
  • Standard Error (SEM) (correct)
  • T-score
  • Ability

    • What is the mean of the Normal Curve Equivalents (NCE) scale?

    <p>50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an Achievement Test?

    <p>To measure a student's mastery of learned material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen if Ms. Jones gave different instructions to different students taking a standardized test?

    <p>The test would not be standardized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent GRE score if you have a z-score of +2.5?

    <p>It cannot be determined with the provided information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes up a test score?

    <p>Ability and Standard Error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Ms. Jones' response in Scenario 1 a problem in terms of standardization?

    <p>Because she is providing additional assistance to Sally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of breaking the standard conditions of the testing process?

    <p>It is considered cheating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scale of the Normal Curve Equivalents (NCE)?

    <p>1-99</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is special about Stanines 1 and 9?

    <p>They are not exactly ½ of a Standard Deviation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of standardized testing, according to the lesson?

    <p>To help teachers identify areas where students need improvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between Achievement Tests and Aptitude Tests?

    <p>Achievement Tests measure past learning, while Aptitude Tests measure future potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can you find the Stanine scores in the Stanford 10 test?

    <p>In the 4th column of scores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of standard scores like Stanines and Normal Curve Equivalents?

    <p>To make use of the Mean and Standard Deviation to explain performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Achievement Tests?

    <p>To understand a student's skills in specific content areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of test scores reporting method compares students with each other?

    <p>Norm Referenced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Aptitude Tests?

    <p>To predict a student's future academic performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SAT attempting to predict?

    <p>A student's future academic performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Performance Speed measure in Criterion-Referenced test scores?

    <p>The time it takes to complete a task</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of test scores are reported as Raw Scores?

    <p>Norm Referenced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Criterion-Referenced test scores report?

    <p>A student's percentage of correct answers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Criterion-Referenced and Norm Referenced test scores?

    <p>The way results are reported</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using z-scores in standardized tests?

    <p>They are standardized based on the normal distribution of scores, allowing comparison from test-to-test and student-to-student.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would a parent likely misinterpret about a student's z-score of 0?

    <p>That the student got 0 questions correct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between t-scores and z-scores?

    <p>t-scores are larger than z-scores and use the z-score as the baseline for transformation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mean and standard deviation of SAT scores?

    <p>Mean of 500 and SD of 100.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the advantage of using z-scores over raw scores?

    <p>Z-scores allow for comparison across different tests and students.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would a student with a z-score of -2 have scored in a standardized test?

    <p>Below the mean.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of transforming raw scores into standardized scores?

    <p>To enable comparison across different tests and students.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mean and standard deviation of IQ test scores?

    <p>Mean of 100 and SD of 15 (or 16)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the percentile rank in a standardized test indicate?

    <p>The percentage of students who scored lower than the student</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can the percentile rank be found in the Stanford 10 test scores?

    <p>In the 4th column of scores on the top</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the decimal part in a grade level equivalent score represent?

    <p>The month of the academic year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be concluded about a student who scores 7.8 on a 9th grade assessment?

    <p>The student is performing at a 7th grade level in 9th grade content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it not recommended to move a 5th grade student who scores 7.8 on a 5th grade math assessment to 7th grade for math instruction?

    <p>Because we do not know how the student would perform on a 7th grade test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is assumed about a typical student's knowledge gain?

    <p>They gain one unit of knowledge per month and one unit over the summer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of grade level equivalents in standardized tests?

    <p>To compare the student's performance to that of students in other grades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a grade level equivalent score of 7.8 indicate?

    <p>The student scored the same as an average 7th grader would in their 8th month of school</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    What is Standardized about Standardized Testing?

    • Standardization refers to the administration, scoring, and interpretation of the test being the same everywhere and every time.
    • It ensures each student takes the test under the same conditions, with the same amount of time, instructions, and assistance.
    • Standardization does not refer to the specific items on the test.

    Types of Standardized Tests

    • There are two types of standardized tests: Achievement and Aptitude.
    • Achievement Tests measure a student's mastery of what they have learned in the past and what they can perform in the present.
    • Examples of Achievement Tests include Ohio Achievement Tests (OATs), Ohio Graduation Test (OGT), and Iowa Test of Basic Skills (ITBS).
    • Aptitude Tests measure how much promise a student has for the future and predict their future performance statistically.
    • Examples of Aptitude Tests include Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), ACT, and PSAT.

    Reporting Standardized Test Scores

    • Test scores can be reported as Criterion-Referenced or Norm Referenced.
    • Criterion-Referenced scores are relatively easy to understand and include Number and Percent Correct, Performance Speed, Performance Quality, and Performance Precision.
    • Norm Referenced scores compare students with each other and include Raw Scores, Percentile Ranks, Grade Level Equivalents, and Standardized Scores.

    Norm Referenced Scores

    • Raw Scores are not very useful for comparing students.
    • Percentile Ranks show the percentage of students who scored below a particular student.
    • Grade Level Equivalents report a student's score in terms of the grade level they are expected to be in.
    • Standardized Scores, such as z-scores and t-scores, are transformations of raw scores and can be compared from test to test and student to student.

    z-scores and t-scores

    • z-scores are calculated based on the mean and standard deviation of the normal distribution.
    • z-scores are standardized and can be compared from test to test and student to student.
    • t-scores are larger than z-scores and use z-scores as the baseline for transformation.

    Other Standardized Scores

    • SAT and GRE tests have a Mean of 500 and SD of 100.
    • IQ tests have a Mean of 100 and SD of 15 (or 16).
    • Stanines (standard nine) were created on a 9-pt scale with a Mean of 5 and SD of 2.
    • Normal Curve Equivalents (NCE) are similar to Percentile Ranks, but NCEs are equal interval and Percentile Ranks are not.

    What makes up a test score?

    • No test measures ability perfectly; instead, test scores are made up of two components: Ability and Standard Error (or noise).
    • Test Score = Ability + Standard Error (SEM)
    • SEM = The average amount of measurement error across students in the norm group.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the purpose and benefits of standardized testing, including how to interpret results and how teachers can use them to help students.

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