Hearing Measurement Week 4

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Questions and Answers

What does speech awareness threshold (SAT) measure?

  • Detection of the presence of speech (correct)
  • Recognition of speech sounds only
  • Ability to repeat words accurately
  • Comprehension of speech meaning

In which situation would speech awareness threshold be primarily used?

  • When diagnosing auditory processing disorders
  • When assessing fluent speech in adolescents
  • When testing pre-linguistic children (correct)
  • When testing adults with normal hearing

How does speech detection threshold (SDT) differ from speech reception threshold (SRT)?

  • SDT requires repeating words while SRT does not
  • SDT measures clear speech while SRT does not
  • SDT is easier to assess than SRT
  • SDT focuses on detecting speech presence while SRT measures understanding (correct)

What is the typical result range for speech awareness thresholds compared to pure tones?

<p>Higher than pure tone thresholds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does suprathreshold speech testing assess?

<p>How well speech is processed beyond threshold levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could asymmetry observed in an audiogram indicate?

<p>Sensory neural hearing loss in at least one ear (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When measuring the SRT, what is typically expected for a person with normal hearing?

<p>SRT should be 10 dB (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method might be used to assess speech awareness in children who cannot repeat words?

<p>Pointing to body parts or colors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might indicate a hearing test result that does not match the expected 10 dB range?

<p>The participant has a psychological issue affecting perception. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it generally harder to understand speech than to hear a tone?

<p>Speech contains multiple frequency levels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What explains why speech perception thresholds might match hearing thresholds?

<p>Calibrating the test helps align the thresholds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which frequencies should the pure tone average be calculated from for speech testing?

<p>500 Hz, 1000 Hz, and 2000 Hz (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of hearing tests, which scenario indicates that the headphones might not be functioning properly?

<p>The participant reports only hearing high frequencies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a precipitous drop in hearing at 2000 Hz indicate?

<p>A potential mismatch with surrounding frequencies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the loud and soft parts of speech represented in testing?

<p>By varying the loudness of the recorded speech. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason why someone might misinterpret their hearing test results?

<p>Instructions were given too rapidly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the speech reception threshold (SRT) in audiology?

<p>To cross-check the validity of hearing thresholds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym SRT stand for in audiology?

<p>Speech Reception Threshold (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which frequencies are included in the calculation of the pure tone average?

<p>500, 1000, and 2000, plus 5000 Hz (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the absolute sensitivity in audiology refer to?

<p>The ability to perceive sound when present (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of hearing loss does the discussion suggest differentiating cochlear from?

<p>Neural or retro cochlear loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might an audiologist perform SRT before pure tone testing?

<p>To quickly identify possible issues with the hearing test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What complex aspect of hearing perception does the discussion address?

<p>The challenges of recognizing speech in noisy environments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does differential sensitivity involve in the context of hearing?

<p>Differentiating between sounds with similar pitches (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does PB Max stand for in the context of audiological testing?

<p>Phonemically Balanced Maximum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which word is used interchangeably with Word Recognition Score (WRS) in audiology?

<p>Word Discrimination Score (WDS) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In assessing hearing loss, what percentage is typically expected without additional disorders?

<p>75% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient has a pure tone average of 40 and an SRT of 35, what is the average calculated from these scores?

<p>37.5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a speech-language pathologist (SLP) be particularly important when assessing young children?

<p>Children may have unique language development issues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'phonetically or phonemically balanced' lists in audiological testing?

<p>Lists that cover a wide range of phonemes evenly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the role of speech tests in evaluating phonological disabilities?

<p>They can be influenced by various communication disorders. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What typically causes a lower than expected score in speech assessments when there is only hearing loss?

<p>Presence of additional language disorders. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does PB Max represent in speech perception testing?

<p>The best score attained by an individual (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option describes a conductive hearing loss pattern in a performance intensity function?

<p>Scores require louder volumes to reach maximum performance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pattern indicates sensory neural loss according to the performance intensity function?

<p>Decreased performance at louder levels than PB Max (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might clinicians choose to perform speech tests at multiple levels?

<p>To collect comprehensive information about speech perception (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the performance intensity function for a client with normal hearing?

<p>Maximum potential performance is reached at around 30 dB HL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'rollover' refer to in auditory testing?

<p>A decrease in performance after reaching PB Max (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following levels represents a situation where a client might not respond during speech testing?

<p>0 dB HL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about sensory neural hearing loss is true?

<p>Clients may show maximum scores followed by a decline in performance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the calibration process described in the content?

<p>To make sure that pure tone and speech thresholds match for easier clinical use. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to match pure tone and speech thresholds?

<p>To allow for accurate comparison of hearing levels across different testing methods. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between dB HL and dB SPL?

<p>dB HL measures sound intensity relative to a normal hearing threshold, while dB SPL measures absolute sound intensity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is the relationship between dB HL and dB SPL for speech?

<p>dB HL is always lower than dB SPL for the same speech level. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical speech level in dB HL for a normal audiometric evaluation?

<p>40 dB HL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Assume a patient has a pure tone threshold of 15 dB HL. How would the audiometer be calibrated for speech testing for this patient?

<p>The speech level would be set to 15 dB HL on the audiometer dial, reflecting a true level of 37.5 dB SPL. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why would the clinician have to turn the dial up to a higher level to make the patient hear speech if the audiometer was not calibrated for speech?

<p>The audiometer would not be correctly accounting for the difference between pure tones and speech in dB HL. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements best summarizes the purpose of matching pure tone and speech thresholds?

<p>It allows for easier interpretation of audiometric results and simplifies clinical workflow. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Differential Diagnosis

The process of distinguishing between different types of hearing loss, such as cochlear and neural.

Speech Reception Threshold (SRT)

The minimum level at which a person can identify speech sounds, measured in dB HL.

Pure Tone Average

The average hearing level of specific frequencies, typically 500, 1000, 2000 Hz.

Absolute vs Differential Sensitivity

Absolute sensitivity refers to detecting sound presence; differential sensitivity refers to distinguishing sound details.

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Cross Check Principle

Using SRT as a method to verify the accuracy of hearing thresholds obtained from other tests.

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Clarity in Speech Perception

The ability to understand speech clearly, especially in noisy environments.

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Pseudohypocuses

A condition resembling hearing loss without an actual auditory deficit, often a misunderstanding in testing.

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Complexity of Speech

The various elements of speech that affect understanding, such as clarity and background noise.

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Falsified Hearing Test

A hearing test that may not reflect true hearing ability, often due to psychological factors.

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Baseline for Speech Tests

An initial measurement of speech perception to compare with future tests.

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Speech Recognition Threshold (SRT)

The lowest level at which speech can be understood correctly.

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Speech Perception

The ability to understand spoken language, often affected by hearing ability.

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Calibration in Hearing Tests

Adjustment of equipment to ensure accurate measurement of auditory thresholds.

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Fluctuating Levels of Speech

Variability in sound intensity in speech, which affects understanding.

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Challenges in Understanding Speech

It's often harder to comprehend speech than to hear tones.

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Speech Threshold

The lowest level at which speech can be heard and understood.

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Calibration in Audiometry

The process of adjusting equipment to ensure correct measurements.

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dB HL

Decibels Hearing Level; a standard measurement for hearing loss.

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dB SPL

Decibels Sound Pressure Level; measures audio intensity.

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Normal Speech Level

Typically measured at around 40 dB HL in audiometry.

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Adjustment of Speech Level

Adjusting audiometer settings to match perceived speech levels.

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Audiometer Readings

The displayed levels on an audiometer dial which may differ from actual sound pressure.

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Speech Awareness Threshold (SAT)

The minimal level at which a person detects the presence of speech sounds without repeating them back.

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Speech Detection Threshold (SDT)

Similar to SAT; it indicates the lowest level at which speech can be detected.

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Clinical Use of SAT/SDT

Used primarily for patients unable to repeat spoken words, like young children.

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Suprathreshold Speech Testing (SRT)

Testing clarity of speech at levels above the patient's threshold.

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Threshold vs. Suprathreshold Testing

Threshold tests measure hearing level; suprathreshold tests assess speech clarity.

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Auditory Symptoms Example

Difference in thresholds creates an asymmetry in auditory response, indicating possible pathology.

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Audiogram Interpretation

Used for identifying types and degrees of hearing loss based on speech testing results.

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Role of Parents in Testing

Parents can provide useful insights to identify child’s recognition skills during testing.

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Phonological Disability

A difficulty in processing phonemes, which can affect speech understanding.

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PB Max

Phonetically Balanced Maximum word score, the highest word recognition score achieved on a test.

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WRS

Word Recognition Score, used interchangeably with Word Discrimination Score in audiology.

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Word Discrimination Score (WDS)

Another term for Word Discrimination Score; measures different skills in hearing tests.

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Pure Tone Average (PTA)

An average of hearing thresholds at specific frequencies, indicating the degree of hearing loss.

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Moderate Hearing Loss

Hearing loss where a person can usually hear loud sounds but struggles with softer ones.

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Word Recognition Score vs Discrimination Score

Both WRS and discrimination scores assess how well a person understands words but can be expressed differently.

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Vowel Formants

The resonant frequencies of the vocal tract that define vowel sounds.

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Performance Intensity Function (PI Function)

A graph showing speech recognition scores at different intensity levels.

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Conductive Hearing Loss

A type of hearing loss where sounds are blocked from reaching the inner ear.

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Sensory Neural Loss

A type of hearing loss caused by damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve.

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Rollover

The phenomenon where speech recognition scores decrease after reaching PB Max.

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Soft Speech

Speech sounds that are close to the threshold of hearing.

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Testing Levels

Different intensity levels used during speech testing to evaluate hearing.

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Study Notes

Understanding Speech Audiometry Components

  • Speech audiometry is a crucial part of audiological assessments, as many individuals experiencing hearing difficulty have speech comprehension problems.

  • The lecture emphasized that speech testing is a more complex assessment than basic tone tests.

  • Speech perception involves four levels:

    • Awareness: Recognizing someone's speaking but not understanding the words.
    • Discrimination: Differentiating between different sounds.
    • Identification: Recognizing and being able to repeat sounds and words.
    • Understanding: Comprehending the meaning of speech.

  • Masking is a complex topic, and the first week's lecture covered this.

  • Masking is the trickiest part of the assessment and students should review the readings and come prepared to ask questions.

  • Speech perception often involves various frequency bands.

  • Thresholds for speech perception are often measured in terms of decibels (dB) and use a standardized average for human speech.

  • Comparisons between speech comprehension and pure-tone averages (PTAs) can aid in identifying potential hearing/speech problems.

  • Speech audiometry tests are vital for evaluating and diagnosing various types of hearing impairment.

  • The lecture explained the importance of the speech reception threshold (SRT) as a speech measurement.

  • The SRT is a speech assessment that is measured in dBHL.

  • It is important to understand how the SRT matches or not with the pure tone audiogram.

  • The lecture explains that a significant difference between a speech threshold and the pure tone average may point to problems.

  • The ways for speech audiometry tests to diagnose problems with hearing were discussed.

  • The lecture highlights the importance of understanding speech deficits beyond hearing, such as language barriers and cognitive challenges.

  • Students need to understand the importance of using clear and consistent language in speech recognition tests to achieve highly accurate results, especially in cases with young children.

  • The tests and the appropriate procedure were discussed.

  • Specific speech tests and measures were covered.

  • The use of speech testing in identifying and diagnosing various audiological problems was emphasized.

  • The lecture discussed the importance of a speech evaluation.

  • It highlighted a variety of issues in speech testing and in hearing evaluation that were discussed.

  • The proper procedure and the way to interpret a speech test was discussed in detail.

  • Key characteristics of speech testing were covered.

  • The types and significance of tests to determine the audiological characteristics and hearing/speech impairment were explained.

  • The importance of the language considerations in speech evaluation in particular cases like young children was also addressed.

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