Bargeboe Socialization

• Socialization describes the life-long process of social interaction, enabling individuals to gain a self-identity along with the skills required for societal survival.

Why Socialization Matters

• Socialization is vital as it bridges the gap between the individual and society for human development.
• It’s crucial in childhood, fostering identity and essential skills like thinking and communicating.
• Members of a society must be socialized to support and maintain the existing social structure.
• Effective socialization is achieved by conforming to societal norms because it seems like the natural course of action.
• Socialization enables a society to "reproduce" itself by passing on this cultural content from one generation to the next.
• Differing greatly by society, content shapes everything from basic actions to complex behaviors like love and war depending on culture.

Agents of socialization

• These agents are the people that shape the socialization
• The family is the most important agent of socialization.
• Initial love establishes cognitive, emotional, and physical development
• Families transmit cultural and social values.
• Families vary in size and structure.
• Families function to procreate and socialize children
• Family give emotional support, love, understanding, security, acceptance, intimacy, and companionship
• Specific social positions are also acquired within the family
• Reciprocal socialization notes children socialize those socializing them, including parents, teachers, etc.

Agents of Socialization: The School

• Schools continue to play an enormous role in the socialization of young people as specialized knowledge has expanded
• From a functionalist view, schools (1) teach students to be productive; (2) transmit culture; (3) provide social control; and (4) select individuals for placement in society
• Conflict theorists say students have different school experiences based on social class, ethnicity, etc., creating inequalities in learning

Agents of Socialization: Peer Groups

• Peer groups are essential as sources of information and social approval about social behavior
• Composed of people connected with mutual interests, equal social standing, and mostly the same age with some degree of freedom from authority figures
• Peer groups provide individuals with social belonging and self-worth

Agents of Socialization: Mass Media

• This consists of large scale organizations that use forms of print and digital media to communicate with many people
• Social media has influence children's attitudes and behavior.
• In recent studies, 99% of students between Grade 4 an 11 reported using internet regularly

Gender Socialization

• The aspect of socialization containing specific messages and practices concerning the nature of being female or male in a specific group or society
• This is a learning of attitude and behavior of people to be thought gender appropriate in society
• One of the primary agents of gender socialization is the family.
• Schools, peer groups, and media also contribute to the gender socialization

Sociological Theories of Human Development

• intense social contact with others is needed to form a sense of self
• the self represents the sum total of our perceptions and feelings

Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self

• The looking-glass self references that a person's sense of self is derived from the perceptions of others.
• The looking-glass self is a self-concept derived from a three-step process

Mead and Role-Taking

• The concept of self-concept links to role-taking the process by which a person mentally assumes the role of another person
• Children try out different roles and gain understanding of them in play, so they can construct their own roles and anticipate others’ responses

Cooley and Mead

• The perspectives of Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead help us understand how our self-identity is developed through our interactions with others.
• Significant others consist of persons whose care, affection, and approval are especially desired and who are most important in the development of the self.

Freud

• Human behavior and personality are related from unconscious forces within individuals.
• Development occurs in three states that reflect different levels of the personality: the id, ego, and superego.

Piaget and Cognitive Development

• Cognitive theorists are interested in how people use and obtain information. • Activities and perceptions during childhood influence the development of the brain. • Children move through each stage in sequence.

Kohlberg

• Kohlberg expanded on cognitive reasoning theories
• Moral reasoning classified into three sequential levels: 1) preconventional, 2) conventional, 3) postconventional

Gilligan

• Kohlberg did not take into account gender affects social and moral development
• Men focus on law and order, women on social relationships

Explore socialization as a lifelong process of social interaction that shapes self-identity and societal skills. Learn about its importance in bridging the gap between individual and society, fostering development, and maintaining social structures. Discover how socialization perpetuates cultural norms across generations.