Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is defined as the fraudulent writing of another’s signature with no attempt at resemblance?
What is defined as the fraudulent writing of another’s signature with no attempt at resemblance?
What process involves creating a close imitation of a genuine signature using an existing document?
What process involves creating a close imitation of a genuine signature using an existing document?
What characteristic is essential for a forger attempting a simulation without a model document?
What characteristic is essential for a forger attempting a simulation without a model document?
Which type of forgery typically cannot produce good results due to interference with natural writing movements?
Which type of forgery typically cannot produce good results due to interference with natural writing movements?
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What type of signature is characterized by ornamental strokes and often lacks readability?
What type of signature is characterized by ornamental strokes and often lacks readability?
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In the context of forgery, what term describes a signature written in a disguised form without resembling the original?
In the context of forgery, what term describes a signature written in a disguised form without resembling the original?
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What is the most common practice when creating a simulated forgery?
What is the most common practice when creating a simulated forgery?
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Which of the following is NOT an indication of forgery?
Which of the following is NOT an indication of forgery?
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Which forgery process is described as sketching from a live model without an actual document?
Which forgery process is described as sketching from a live model without an actual document?
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Which characteristic of a genuine signature indicates consistency despite variations in skill?
Which characteristic of a genuine signature indicates consistency despite variations in skill?
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Who invented the first commercially successful electric typewriter?
Who invented the first commercially successful electric typewriter?
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Which factor is typically a sign of forgery rather than a genuine signature?
Which factor is typically a sign of forgery rather than a genuine signature?
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What led to the rapid slowdown in the production and development of typewriters in the late 1970s?
What led to the rapid slowdown in the production and development of typewriters in the late 1970s?
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Which company developed the Remington Electric typewriter in 1925?
Which company developed the Remington Electric typewriter in 1925?
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What was significant about the IBM Selectric typewriter introduced in 1961?
What was significant about the IBM Selectric typewriter introduced in 1961?
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What is the primary difference between simulated forgery and traced forgery?
What is the primary difference between simulated forgery and traced forgery?
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What defines the firmness of strokes in a genuine signature?
What defines the firmness of strokes in a genuine signature?
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What is the primary purpose of an electronic signature?
What is the primary purpose of an electronic signature?
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Which characteristic is related to the muscular movement observed in genuine signatures?
Which characteristic is related to the muscular movement observed in genuine signatures?
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What is the definition of forgery in the context of signature evaluation?
What is the definition of forgery in the context of signature evaluation?
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What technology did the hybrid typewriters developed in the 1970s utilize?
What technology did the hybrid typewriters developed in the 1970s utilize?
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In what year did IBM launch its first typing device Model 01?
In what year did IBM launch its first typing device Model 01?
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What advancement did IBM introduce with the Model 04 in 1941?
What advancement did IBM introduce with the Model 04 in 1941?
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Which company introduced an advanced typewriter in 1981?
Which company introduced an advanced typewriter in 1981?
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What type of energy does the electronic typewriter require compared to a typist?
What type of energy does the electronic typewriter require compared to a typist?
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How does the electronic typewriter determine its operations?
How does the electronic typewriter determine its operations?
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What feature does the automatic typewriter provide for standard matters?
What feature does the automatic typewriter provide for standard matters?
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What is a major advantage of the typewriter with additional attachments?
What is a major advantage of the typewriter with additional attachments?
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How many typists can a single automatic typewriter replace?
How many typists can a single automatic typewriter replace?
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What function does the command key on an electronic typewriter serve?
What function does the command key on an electronic typewriter serve?
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What type of letters can be produced by a single typewriter?
What type of letters can be produced by a single typewriter?
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What type of attachment allows a typewriter to type on stiff labels and cards?
What type of attachment allows a typewriter to type on stiff labels and cards?
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What type of typewriter is used to produce master sheets for duplicating?
What type of typewriter is used to produce master sheets for duplicating?
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What is the primary function of a dual unit typewriter?
What is the primary function of a dual unit typewriter?
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Which type of typewriter types the most characters per inch?
Which type of typewriter types the most characters per inch?
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What distinguishes a typewriting system from a traditional typewriter?
What distinguishes a typewriting system from a traditional typewriter?
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Which is NOT a characteristic of the typewriter using a print wheel?
Which is NOT a characteristic of the typewriter using a print wheel?
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For what type of documents is typewriter identification most commonly relevant?
For what type of documents is typewriter identification most commonly relevant?
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What is the character capacity of the Pica Type?
What is the character capacity of the Pica Type?
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What makes the identification process of a computer and printer nearly impossible?
What makes the identification process of a computer and printer nearly impossible?
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Study Notes
Signatures
- Signatures indicate acceptance of circumstances and symbolize agreements.
Kinds of Signature
- Conventional Signatures: Readable and complete letter strokes.
- Highly Individualized Signatures: Often unreadable with ornamental strokes, serving as a personal "trademark."
Characteristics of Genuine Signature
- Degree of Skill: Exhibits free connecting and terminal strokes despite tremors.
- Firmness of Strokes: Shows natural hesitation and pen stops.
- Habitual Speed of Writing: Consistent speed observed even in unskillful signatures.
- Fundamental Muscular Movement: Upward strokes are smoother compared to downward strokes.
- Natural Variation: Each signature has expected unique variability in letter design.
- Coordination, Continuity, and Rhythm: Genuine signatures maintain smooth movement; carelessness is a flaw.
Electronic Signature
- Created through digitized tablets using digital pens for electronic document transactions.
Forgery
- Definition: Making false documents to be used as genuine, including altering genuine documents.
Indications of Forgery
- Blunt Starts and Stops: Unnatural pen contact and lifting when writing.
- Processes: Ranges from simple name writing to complex simulation or tracing techniques.
Types of Forgery
- Spurious Signature (Simple Forgery): Writing someone else’s name without resembling the original.
- Simulated or Freehand Imitation Forgery: Imitating a genuine signature from memory or an actual model.
- Traced Forgery: Creating a fraudulent document by tracing over genuine writing.
Typewriter Development
- First commercially successful electric typewriter invented in 1910 by Charles and Howard Krum.
- 1914: James Fields Smathers invents the power-operated typewriter, modified to 1920 model.
- 1925: Northeast Electric produces Remington Electric typewriter, selling over 2000 units.
- 1929: IBM acquires Electromatic Typewriters Inc.
- 1961: Introduction of IBM Selectric typewriter, featuring a typeball for better functionality.
- 1970s: Development of hybrid typewriters incorporating dot-matrix printing technology.
Types of Typewriters
- Conventional typewriters use type bars, including styles like Pica (10 letters/inch) and Elite (12 letters/inch).
- Single element/ball typewriters easily change horizontal spacing.
- Print wheel typewriters have a disc-type print wheel for various character sizes (10, 12, 15 letters/inch).
Typewriting Identification
- Typewritten documents may be linked to crimes like extortion or threats.
- Typewriters consist of multiple components (machine, type-element, ribbon) affecting identification.
- Identifying a specific typewriting system poses challenges due to interchangeable components.
- Identification in cases involving computers and printers is significantly complex.
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Description
This quiz explores the different kinds of signatures, focusing on the distinctions between conventional and highly individualized signatures. It also delves into the importance of signatures as symbols of acceptance and agreements. Test your knowledge of signature characteristics and their implications in various contexts.
