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Understanding Science: Elements and Process

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Questions and Answers

What is the core of science according to the text?

Systematic observation (correct)
Making educated guesses
Recording personal experiences
Debating conclusions

What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?

A hypothesis is an unreliable guess, while a theory is a reliable fact.
A hypothesis is an educated guess, while a theory is a proven fact.
A hypothesis is a logical idea that can be tested, while a theory is an educated guess based on observations. (correct)
A hypothesis can be tested, while a theory is untestable.
A hypothesis is based on observations, while a theory is an idea without evidence.

Why do scientists observe phenomena under controlled conditions?

To make wild guesses
To avoid memory biases in observations (correct)
To debate conclusions with colleagues
To form untestable theories

How do scientists form opinions in science?

By building on earlier work (D) Signup and view all the answers

In science, what happens when theories have the best data?

They are accepted (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is psychological science primarily concerned with?

Mental processes and behavior (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to measure thoughts and feelings, according to the text?

Use of behavioral measures and rating scales (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of therapy is mentioned as the most effective for treating conditions like depression and anxiety?

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Informed Consent in psychological research?

Letting participants know they are involved in research and what will happen (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of Confidentiality in psychological research entail?

Information collected should not be made public without individual consent (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why might researchers sometimes need to deceive participants in a study?

To protect participants from changing behaviors that would affect the study results (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key feature of good scientific theories as outlined in the text?

Ability to be empirically tested and falsified (C) Signup and view all the answers

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