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Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of research?
What is the main purpose of research?
Which characteristic of research means that it is based on direct experience or observation?
Which characteristic of research means that it is based on direct experience or observation?
Why is research considered a cyclical process?
Why is research considered a cyclical process?
What does the replicability characteristic of research refer to?
What does the replicability characteristic of research refer to?
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In research, being methodical implies:
In research, being methodical implies:
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What does the logical characteristic of research entail?
What does the logical characteristic of research entail?
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What type of research aims to increase knowledge about abstract concepts?
What type of research aims to increase knowledge about abstract concepts?
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Which type of research focuses on finding ways to make positive changes in society?
Which type of research focuses on finding ways to make positive changes in society?
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What type of data does qualitative research utilize?
What type of data does qualitative research utilize?
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What does quantitative research involve?
What does quantitative research involve?
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Which type of research involves studying the ongoing practices of schools or organizations for system improvement?
Which type of research involves studying the ongoing practices of schools or organizations for system improvement?
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What is the main characteristic of primary data in research?
What is the main characteristic of primary data in research?
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Study Notes
What is Research?
- Research is a process of executing various mental acts to discover and examine facts and information.
- It involves investigating something through questioning to prove the accuracy of claims or conclusions about a topic.
Steps in Research
- Collect data/information.
- Study the data.
- Come up with a solution to the problem.
Characteristics of Research
Empirical
- Based on direct experience or observation by the researcher.
- Collection of data relies on practical experience without consideration to scientific knowledge or theory.
Logical
- Based on valid procedure and principles.
- Scientific study is done in an orderly manner to ensure confidence in the results.
Cyclic
- Research is a cyclical process that starts with a problem and ends with a problem.
- Conclusions and recommendations are stated.
Methodical
- Research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic methods and procedures.
Replicability
- Research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to arrive at valid and conclusive results.
- This involves using the same instrument, method, and procedure but with different subjects or venues.
Critical
- Research exhibits careful and precise judgment.
- A higher level of confidence must be utilized (e.g., 1.0% or 5.0% level of confidence).
Analytical
- Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering data.
- This can be done through historical, descriptive, experimental, or case study methods.
Types of Research Based on Application
Pure Research
- Deals with concepts or abstract things.
- Aims to increase knowledge about something.
Applied Research
- Intended to apply research to societal problems or issues.
- Aims to make positive changes in society.
Types of Research Based on Purpose
Descriptive Research
- Aims to define or give a verbal portrayal of a person, thing, event, group, situation, etc.
Correlational Research
- Shows relationships or connectedness of two factors, circumstances, or agents called variables.
Explanatory Research
- Elaborates or explains the reasons behind the relationships of two factors.
- Explains the ways by which such relationships exist.
Exploratory Research
- Finds out how reasonable or possible it is to conduct a research study on a certain topic.
- Discovers ideas on topics that could trigger interest in conducting research studies.
Action Research
- Studies ongoing practices in schools, organizations, communities, or institutions.
- Aims to bring improvement to the system.
Types of Research Based on Types of Data Needed
Qualitative Research
- Requires non-numerical data.
- Uses words to express results, focusing on people's thoughts, beliefs, feelings, views, and lifestyle.
Quantitative Research
- Involves measurement of data.
- Presents research findings in numerical forms.
Types of Data
Primary Data
- Obtained through direct observation or contact with people, objects, artifacts, etc.
Secondary Data
- Already written or reported data.
Approaches of Research
- After choosing a topic, the next step is to decide how to approach the research.
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Description
Explore the concept of research as a process of discovering and examining facts to validate claims or conclusions. Learn about the characteristics and steps involved in conducting research, such as collecting data, studying the information, and proposing solutions to problems.
