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Questions and Answers
What phenomenon is responsible for the apparent bending of a spoon in a glass of water?
What phenomenon is responsible for the apparent bending of a spoon in a glass of water?
- Diffraction
- Absorption
- Refraction (correct)
- Reflection
Refraction occurs because the speed of light remains constant regardless of the medium it travels through.
Refraction occurs because the speed of light remains constant regardless of the medium it travels through.
False (B)
Explain, based on the concept of refraction, why objects appear to be in different positions when viewed through water.
Explain, based on the concept of refraction, why objects appear to be in different positions when viewed through water.
Light bends as it passes from water to air, altering the perceived location of the object.
The angle of __________ is the angle between the refracted light ray and the normal.
The angle of __________ is the angle between the refracted light ray and the normal.
Match the following mediums with their approximate speed of light:
Match the following mediums with their approximate speed of light:
In the context of refraction, what does the 'normal' refer to?
In the context of refraction, what does the 'normal' refer to?
According to the principle of reversibility, light will not follow the same path even if its original direction is switched.
According to the principle of reversibility, light will not follow the same path even if its original direction is switched.
Explain why light bends toward the normal when it enters a medium in which its speed decreases.
Explain why light bends toward the normal when it enters a medium in which its speed decreases.
Mirrored sunglasses utilize a special film coating to achieve __________ reflection and refraction.
Mirrored sunglasses utilize a special film coating to achieve __________ reflection and refraction.
Match the following terms with their definitions relating to refraction:
Match the following terms with their definitions relating to refraction:
What is the primary reason two-way mirrors are used in modern buildings during summertime?
What is the primary reason two-way mirrors are used in modern buildings during summertime?
The speed of light in air is significantly less than the speed of light in a vacuum.
The speed of light in air is significantly less than the speed of light in a vacuum.
Illustrate a scenario where partial reflection and refraction can be observed simultaneously in everyday life.
Illustrate a scenario where partial reflection and refraction can be observed simultaneously in everyday life.
The bending of light when it travels from one medium into another is called __________.
The bending of light when it travels from one medium into another is called __________.
Match the following scientists with their contribution to understanding the speed of light:
Match the following scientists with their contribution to understanding the speed of light:
Which of the following statements best describes what happens to a wagon moving from pavement onto sand at an angle?
Which of the following statements best describes what happens to a wagon moving from pavement onto sand at an angle?
If light travels from water into air at an angle, it will bend towards the normal.
If light travels from water into air at an angle, it will bend towards the normal.
How does the human brain interpret the path of refracted light, and how does this lead to the illusion of a bent spoon in water?
How does the human brain interpret the path of refracted light, and how does this lead to the illusion of a bent spoon in water?
When light slows down as it enters a new medium, it bends __________ the normal.
When light slows down as it enters a new medium, it bends __________ the normal.
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Which condition is not necessary for refraction to occur?
Which condition is not necessary for refraction to occur?
Two-way mirrors allow you to see out while also allowing others to see in equally well.
Two-way mirrors allow you to see out while also allowing others to see in equally well.
Explain the relationship between the angle of incidence, the angle of refraction, and the change in speed of light when light moves from air to water.
Explain the relationship between the angle of incidence, the angle of refraction, and the change in speed of light when light moves from air to water.
In Figure 10, if medium A is air and medium B is ice, the light will bend __________ the normal as it passes from A to B.
In Figure 10, if medium A is air and medium B is ice, the light will bend __________ the normal as it passes from A to B.
Match each medium with its effect on the speed of light relative to a vacuum:
Match each medium with its effect on the speed of light relative to a vacuum:
Which of the following is a direct application of understanding partial reflection and refraction?
Which of the following is a direct application of understanding partial reflection and refraction?
If the speed of light were the same in all mediums, refraction would still occur.
If the speed of light were the same in all mediums, refraction would still occur.
Explain how the 'wagon wheel analogy' illustrates the cause of refraction.
Explain how the 'wagon wheel analogy' illustrates the cause of refraction.
When light travels from air into water, it bends __________ the normal because it __________ down.
When light travels from air into water, it bends __________ the normal because it __________ down.
Match the given medium, with its refractive index relative to vacuum.
Match the given medium, with its refractive index relative to vacuum.
Flashcards
What is Refraction?
What is Refraction?
The bending or change in direction of light as it passes from one medium to another.
What causes refraction?
What causes refraction?
The speed of light changes depending on the medium through which it travels.
What is the angle of refraction?
What is the angle of refraction?
The angle between the refracted light ray and the normal.
Which way does light bend when slowing down?
Which way does light bend when slowing down?
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Which way does light bend when speeding up?
Which way does light bend when speeding up?
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What is Partial Reflection and Refraction?
What is Partial Reflection and Refraction?
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How do mirrored sunglasses work?
How do mirrored sunglasses work?
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How do two-way mirror windows help?
How do two-way mirror windows help?
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Study Notes
- Refraction happens when light travels from one material into another.
Exploring Refraction
- When a stick or spoon is placed in water, it appears disconnected at the surface.
- The bending of light when it travels from one medium to another is called refraction.
- Refraction causes interesting effects when light travels from one medium to another.
What Causes Refraction?
- Shining a beam of light into water at an angle makes refraction obvious.
- The change of direction in light is akin to a wagon moving from pavement onto sand.
- When one wheel of the wagon hits the sand, it slows down, causing the wagon to pivot.
Speed of Light
- Speed of light differs in various mediums.
- Light travels at 3.00 × 108 m/s in a vacuum.
- Light travels at 2.26 × 108 m/s in water.
- Light travels at 1.76 × 108 m/s in acrylic.
- The speed of light in air is slightly less than in a vacuum, but the difference is insignificant and often regarded similarly.
Rules for Refraction:
- Angle of refraction is between the refracted light ray and the normal.
- Incident ray, refracted ray, and the normal all lie on the same plane.
- Incident and refracted rays are on opposite sides of the line separating the two media.
- Light bends toward the normal when the speed of light in the second medium is less than in the first.
- Light bends away from the normal when the speed of light in the second medium is greater.
Bent Spoon
- A spoon in water appears bent because light coming from the submerged part travels through water into air.
- The human brain assumes light travels straight and projects the rays back to a virtual source behind the real spoon.
Partial Reflection and Refraction
- Light can be both reflected and refracted simultaneously.
- A transparent window shows the property of partial reflection and refraction.
- Coating glass with a special film enhances the effect, which is used in silvered two-way mirrors and mirrored sunglasses.
- Two-way mirrors are used in building windows to reflect sunlight and reduce air-conditioning costs.
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