Understanding Reference and Context in Language
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Questions and Answers

What is the significance of knowing that a hospital is the context for a heart-attack in the provided text?

  • It highlights the importance of understanding local context in reference analysis. (correct)
  • It indicates that heart-attacks should be immediately moved.
  • It suggests that hospitals are noisy places.
  • It implies that heart-attacks are common in hospitals.
  • How does the text suggest that references may differ across social groups?

  • By stating that conventions are always marked similarly in different languages.
  • By mentioning that social conventions vary and may be distinct in different languages. (correct)
  • By indicating that all social groups use the same conventions for reference.
  • By highlighting that social groups adopt the same socio-cultural conventions.
  • What does the text imply about anaphoric reference?

  • It is only applicable in limited contexts.
  • It is a mechanical act devoid of social implications.
  • It is never influenced by local socio-cultural conventions.
  • It is a complex social act influenced by speaker's intentions. (correct)
  • Why do speakers use various expressions to maintain reference in multi-sentence discourse?

    <p>To ensure clarity and coherence in communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the provided text, what role does local knowledge play in reference analysis?

    <p>Local knowledge influences how references are interpreted based on socio-cultural conventions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential for speakers to assume that their chosen words for reference will be interpreted as intended?

    <p>To ensure effective communication and shared understanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is referred to as referring expressions in the context?

    <p>Expressions used by speakers to enable identification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In shared visual contexts, what type of expressions are mentioned to be sufficient for successful reference?

    <p>Deictic pronouns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the choice between different types of referring expressions according to the text?

    <p>The context and the listener's assumed knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a role in maintaining reference in multi-sentence discourse?

    <p>Speaker's goals and beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be used when identification of something seems more difficult, based on the text?

    <p>Elaborate noun phrases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stated as crucial for successful reference to occur according to the text?

    <p>Role of inference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of reference analysis, what does it mean for an expression to be 'invested' with referential function?

    <p>The speaker or writer assigns referential function to the expression in a particular context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 'intention-to-identify' in the context of reference?

    <p>It involves collaboration between the speaker and listener</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does local knowledge play in maintaining reference in multi-sentence discourse?

    <p>It assists in recognizing intended references across sentences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the socio-cultural convention impact reference in communication?

    <p>It ensures that certain expressions consistently identify specific entities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does anaphoric reference contribute to effective communication?

    <p>By avoiding repetition and enhancing coherence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the text emphasize that referring expressions cannot inherently have reference?

    <p>To emphasize the role of listeners in assigning referential function</p> Signup and view all the answers

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