Understanding Quantitative Research Methods
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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic that distinguishes true experimental design from quasi-experimental design?

  • True experimental design does not manipulate independent variables.
  • Control groups are always used in quasi-experimental designs.
  • Quasi-experimental designs can have multiple treatment groups.
  • Randomization is not used in quasi-experimental designs. (correct)
  • Which of these designs is considered the weakest form of experimental research?

  • Time Series Design
  • Pretest-Posttest Control Group
  • One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design (correct)
  • Solomon Four Group Design
  • In a Solomon Four Group Design, how many groups are generally created?

  • Three
  • One
  • Four (correct)
  • Two
  • What does the term 'counterbalancing' refer to in experimental design?

    <p>Controlling for order effects by varying treatment sequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which design allows for the observation of trends over time with repeated measures?

    <p>Time series design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of pre-experimental research designs?

    <p>They typically lack a control group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of a non-randomized control group design, what is a distinguishing feature?

    <p>The absence of a treatment in the control group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following designs includes a treatment phase followed by multiple posttests?

    <p>Time Series Design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of true experimental research design?

    <p>It includes a control group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes manipulation in experimental research?

    <p>Conscious control of the independent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a quasi-experimental design, how do researchers typically assign subjects?

    <p>Subject assignment is based on the convenience of the researcher.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these research designs is classified as non-experimental?

    <p>One-shot case study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using a control group in experimental research?

    <p>To isolate the effect of the independent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does randomization benefit experimental research?

    <p>It ensures subjects are equally likely to be assigned to any group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an experimental research title?

    <p>Effect of Types of Soil and Fertilizer on the Growth of Papaya Tree.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about quasi-experimental designs?

    <p>They can still provide valuable insights despite lack of randomness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of non-experimental research design?

    <p>The researcher observes phenomena as they occur naturally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario is an appropriate use of non-experimental research design?

    <p>Investigating the impact of legislation on public health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of descriptive design in research?

    <p>To observe and document aspects of a situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best defines survey research?

    <p>It collects limited data from a large number of cases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does correlational research investigate?

    <p>The joint variability of two or more variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of tracer studies?

    <p>To follow up on the development of certain individuals over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is employed in developmental studies to gather information over time?

    <p>Longitudinal method.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of cross-sectional studies?

    <p>They examine various participants at the same point in time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Session Objectives

    • Participants will learn to describe experimental and non-experimental research designs.
    • Ability to determine sample size and sampling procedures is a target outcome.

    Classification of Quantitative Research Design

    • Two main branches: Experimental and Non-Experimental Research Designs.
    • Experimental designs further categorized into True, Quasi, and Pre-Experimental types.
    • Non-Experimental designs are based on descriptive, correlational, comparative, and evaluative purposes.

    Experimental Research Design

    • Complete control over extraneous variables leading to confidence that observed effects on the dependent variable are due solely to manipulation of the independent variable.
    • Examples of research titles include studies on soil types' impact on papaya growth and feed types' effects on tilapia growth in saline environments.

    Characteristics of True Experimental Design

    • Manipulation: Direct control over the independent variable.
    • Control: Utilization of control groups to minimize the influence of extraneous variables.
    • Randomization: Ensures every subject has an equal chance of being assigned to either experimental or control groups.

    Types of True Experimental Designs

    • Pretest-Posttest Control Group: Involves both experimental and control groups with assessments before and after treatment.
    • Posttest Only Control Design: Measures outcomes only after treatment.
    • Solomon Four Group Design: Combines multiple groups using varied pretest and treatment conditions to assess effects comprehensively.

    Quasi-Experimental Design

    • Manipulation of independent variables without randomization or control groups.
    • Uses quasi-independent variables instead of true independent variables.

    Non-Experimental Research Design

    • Observes phenomena naturally without manipulating variables or controlling the setting.
    • Useful when:
      • Independent variables cannot be manipulated.
      • Ethical concerns prevent manipulation.
      • Practicality limits experimental methods.

    Descriptive Research Design

    • Aims to observe and document situations as they occur, often serving as a foundation for hypothesis generation or theory development.

    Survey Research

    • Gathers data from a large population to assess prevailing conditions or study variables; e.g., teachers' perceptions of leadership practices.

    Assessment or Evaluation Studies

    • Evaluates the efficiency or effectiveness of policies or variables.
    • Example: Understanding factors affecting teacher compliance with school improvement programs.

    Correlational Research

    • Investigates relationships between two or more variables, such as IQ and academic performance.

    Tracer Studies

    • Follows the development of specific conditions or individuals over time, like tracking employability of graduates.

    Developmental Studies

    • Provides reliable information about specific groups over extended periods.
    • Longitudinal Method: Studies the same participants over time, such as assessing student dropout rates over five years.
    • Cross-Sectional Method: Studies different participants at a single point in time, such as evaluating emotional intelligence among secondary students.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential concepts of quantitative research methods, including experimental and non-experimental research designs. Participants will learn to describe various designs and determine appropriate sample sizes and sampling procedures. Ideal for education professionals looking to deepen their understanding of research methodologies.

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