Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes a delusion?
Which of the following best describes a delusion?
- A perception in the absence of external stimuli.
- A fleeting thought that is inconsistent with reality.
- A fixed false belief not shared by others in the person's culture. (correct)
- A misinterpretation of an actual sensory stimulus.
What is the primary difference between a hallucination and an illusion?
What is the primary difference between a hallucination and an illusion?
- Illusions are more commonly associated with psychosis than hallucinations.
- Illusions involve a sensory stimulus, while hallucinations occur without one. (correct)
- Hallucinations are always visual, while illusions are auditory.
- Hallucinations are shared by many people, while illusions are unique to the individual.
A patient presents with disorganized speech, where words are jumbled and sentences lack logical coherence. How would this symptom be classified?
A patient presents with disorganized speech, where words are jumbled and sentences lack logical coherence. How would this symptom be classified?
- Formal thought disorder (correct)
- Negative symptom
- Cognitive deficit
- Affective flattening
Which of the following is an example of a negative symptom in schizophrenia?
Which of the following is an example of a negative symptom in schizophrenia?
What is a key feature of schizophrenia regarding its onset and prevalence across the lifespan?
What is a key feature of schizophrenia regarding its onset and prevalence across the lifespan?
Which of the following best captures the potential protective role of estrogen in the development of psychosis?
Which of the following best captures the potential protective role of estrogen in the development of psychosis?
How did Bleuler's view on the course of schizophrenia differ from that of Kraepelin?
How did Bleuler's view on the course of schizophrenia differ from that of Kraepelin?
According to the information, what percentage of patients with schizophrenia will have no positive upsetting psychotic symptoms if followed up for 10 years?
According to the information, what percentage of patients with schizophrenia will have no positive upsetting psychotic symptoms if followed up for 10 years?
What potential impact can relapses have on individuals with schizophrenia, even if they recover symptomatically?
What potential impact can relapses have on individuals with schizophrenia, even if they recover symptomatically?
What characterizes the subgroup of individuals with schizophrenia described as "treatment resistant"?
What characterizes the subgroup of individuals with schizophrenia described as "treatment resistant"?
Flashcards
Delusion
Delusion
Fixed false belief, unshakable and not shared within a culture.
Hallucination
Hallucination
Perception in the absence of external stimuli
Formal Thought Disorder
Formal Thought Disorder
Disorganized or illogical thoughts: words thrown together randomly.
Negative Symptoms
Negative Symptoms
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Age of Onset for Psychosis
Age of Onset for Psychosis
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Gender Differences in Schizophrenia
Gender Differences in Schizophrenia
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Schizophrenia Prognosis
Schizophrenia Prognosis
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Prodromal Phase
Prodromal Phase
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Variable Outcomes in Schizophrenia
Variable Outcomes in Schizophrenia
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Gender and Schizophrenia prognosis
Gender and Schizophrenia prognosis
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Study Notes
- Positive symptoms of psychosis include delusions, which are fixed false ideas not shared by others of the same culture.
- A hallucination is a perception without any external stimulus
Formal Thought Disorder
- A formal thought disorder happens when thoughts and sentences do not make sense
Opposite Negative Symptoms
- Opposite negative symptoms are not noticeable, but they incapacitate the patient
- Patients with negative symptoms may not show affective response, understand jokes, or concentrate.
- Poverty of speech, loss of initiative, and asocial behavior are examples of negative symptoms.
- Caregivers find negative symptoms like lack of hygiene and rude behavior very upsetting.
Schizophrenia & Age
- Schizophrenrenia and psychosis often affect younger people, with the first onsets between 16 and 25 in males
- Children rarely develop psychosis before adolescence.
- It is unusual for older men to become psychotic as ladies can develop psychosis and schizophrenia later in life
Protective Oestrogen
- One theory suggests that oestrogen's antidopaminergic effect may be protective
- Post-menopause, decreased oestrogen may lead to later-onset psychosis in women.
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Another theory links neurodevelopmental disorders, more common in males, to schizophrenia.
- Schizophrenia can be thought of as a language disorder, as evidenced by hearing voices.
- Schizophrenia tends to appear earlier in males, is associated with more negative symptoms, and has worse outcomes.
Emil Kraepelin & Bleuler
- While Emil Kraepelin believed schizophrenia inevitably deteriorated, Bleuler thought people could recover from it.
Manford Bleuler
- Manford Bleuler worked with patients in a hospital when he was younger and found they still didn't deteriorate.
Schizophrenia Outcome
- Schizophrenia may be preceded by a premorbid phase and a prodrome and doesn't necessarily deteriorate but stabilizes or improves.
Diagnosis of Schizophrenia
- Some people can have just one episode and then get a diagnosis of schizophrenia
Variable Outcomes
- Outcomes vary: some have single episodes, others have episodes with periods of wellness, and some have continuous symptoms.
Schizophrenia Course
- 40% of schizophrenia patients have no upsetting psychotic symptoms after 10 years
- Some patients can also get off anti-psychotics
Relapses
- 40% of patients may have relapses and then recover, but relapses can disrupt social situations.
- 20% of people may never recover properly and go into a more chronic state of the illness
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