Understanding Porphyrias: Enzyme Activity and Disease Cause
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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason for most porphyrias being autosomal dominant?

  • 50% reduction in enzyme activity is enough to cause disease
  • 100% loss of function is lethal to the developing embryo (correct)
  • Porphyrins are spontaneously oxidised to porphyrinogens
  • Mutations affecting porphyrinogens are more common
  • Why do porphyrins react to UV light and cause skin damage?

  • They transmit energy to water molecules
  • They absorb light at 400nm and form oxygen radicals (correct)
  • They absorb light at 700nm
  • They form non-reactive compounds when exposed to light
  • What type of molecules mimic neurotransmitters and cause severe CNS dysfunction in some porphyrias?

  • Porphyrins
  • Porphyrinogens
  • Precursors PBG and d-ALA (correct)
  • Enzymes responsible for porphyrin synthesis
  • What is the consequence of a 100% loss of function of the enzyme in porphyrias?

    <p>lethal to the developing embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do porphyrins cause damage to the skin in sun-exposed areas?

    <p>by absorbing light at 400nm and forming oxygen radicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What severe CNS dysfunction is caused by the early precursors PBG and d-ALA in some porphyrias?

    <p>mimic neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a 50% reduction in enzyme activity in most porphyrias?

    <p>Development of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a 100% loss of function lethal to the developing embryo in porphyrias?

    <p>100% loss of function is lethal to the developing embryo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do some porphyrias cause severe CNS dysfunction?

    <p>Some porphyrias cause massive build-up of the early precursors PBG and d-ALA, which mimic neurotransmitters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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