Understanding Politics and Political Science
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Questions and Answers

Which statement best describes the concept of implicit power?

  • The follower is motivated by personal rewards to comply with the leader's wishes.
  • The follower accommodates the leader's desires without overt pressure. (correct)
  • The leader enforces rules that must be strictly followed by the follower.
  • The leader directly instructs the follower to perform a task.

What is meant by 'legitimate power' in the context of social power?

  • The leader's capability to provide rewards for compliant behavior.
  • The authority perceived by followers that grants the leader the right to influence them. (correct)
  • The leader's power derived from expert knowledge and skills.
  • The leader's ability to control followers through fear of punishment.

Which source of power relies on psychological factors and ideologies affecting obedience?

  • Human resources
  • Intangible factors (correct)
  • Authority
  • Skills and knowledge

What distinguishes manifest power from implicit power?

<p>Manifest power involves external demonstrations of control, while implicit power is subtle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of social power is primarily based on the follower's admiration for the leader?

<p>Referent power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is NOT considered a base of social power?

<p>Economic power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the description, what does expert power rely upon?

<p>The leader's credentials and perceived expertise in a specific area. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implied by the statement 'politics is saying No to what is bad for society'?

<p>Politics involves making uncomfortable decisions for societal improvement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of social science primarily studies individual behavior and its impact on political dynamics?

<p>Psychology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which field of political science is concerned with analyzing how policies are formulated and implemented?

<p>Public Administration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of Francis Lieber's Manual of Political Ethics (1838)?

<p>To serve as a systematic treatise in political science. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does Comparative Government and Politics primarily focus on?

<p>Comparing politics and government of different states (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines Political Dynamics?

<p>Concern with forces influencing the political process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which goal of political science emphasizes the role of individuals in governance?

<p>Education for citizenship (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Jurisprudence is primarily concerned with which of the following?

<p>Analysis of existing law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach in political science specifically utilizes the scientific method?

<p>Scientific/Behavioral Approach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept does the Systems Approach in political science primarily focus on?

<p>The interaction between societal environment and political systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which field of political science is primarily concerned with questions about values, norms, and morality?

<p>Political Theory/Political Philosophy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Geopolitics in the realm of social sciences?

<p>Physical factors of a state (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach studies the functions that must be performed to maintain political stability?

<p>Structural-Functional Approach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Political Economy Approach in political science highlight?

<p>The relationship between government and economics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which branch of social science would one analyze production, consumption, and distribution regarding a state’s wealth?

<p>Economics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of political science, which statement best describes the General Theory Approach?

<p>It seeks to identify and explain critical structures and processes in society. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements reflects a benefit of studying political science?

<p>It provides knowledge about one's rights and duties as citizens. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of a ruler's control helps define the limits of their power?

<p>A ruler's control over property and resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes legitimacy in the context of government?

<p>The perception that government's actions are rightful and justified (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what stage of political science was the government seen as divinely inspired?

<p>Religious Stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Aristotle, what is the nature of man in relation to politics?

<p>Man is by nature a political animal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which writer is credited as the 'Father of Modern Politics'?

<p>Niccolo Machiavelli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Political Science began to gain recognition as a distinct field in which year?

<p>1856 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a de facto government?

<p>It has its own set of officials and laws without international recognition. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher's work marked the transition to the Modern Stage of Political Science?

<p>Machiavelli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is internal sovereignty primarily concerned with?

<p>Controlling and directing a country's internal affairs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best captures the essence of the Metaphysical Stage?

<p>The state is considered a perfect institution to be revered (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests that political authority originates from God?

<p>Divine Right Theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a characteristic of external sovereignty?

<p>Controlling internal legislative processes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory identifies the state as an extension of the family?

<p>Paternalistic/Patriarchal Theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Historical/Evolution Theory emphasize about the state?

<p>The gradual development of society through history. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory contends that states were formed primarily to address human needs?

<p>Economic Theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Social Contract Theory is best characterized by which of the following?

<p>A compact among people where they surrender natural liberty. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum allowable extent of a continental shelf beyond the 200 nautical miles?

<p>350 nautical miles from the baseline (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which entity is responsible for authorizing seabed exploration and mining beyond national jurisdiction?

<p>International Seabed Authority (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle regarding internal waters is outlined in the archipelago doctrine as per the Philippine Constitution?

<p>Straight baselines should connect the outermost islands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Convention on International Civil Aviation primarily establish?

<p>Regulations for airspace management (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do landlocked states gain access to the sea, according to the provisions discussed?

<p>They receive access without taxation through transit states (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key obligation for states under the Convention regarding the marine environment?

<p>Safeguarding the marine environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the archipelagic sea lanes designation allow foreign vessels to do?

<p>Traverse specific passageways established by local states (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What limits the extent of a continental shelf beyond the natural prolongation?

<p>2,500-meter isobath (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Politics

The process of deciding who gets what, when, and how.

Power

The ability to influence or control others.

Implicit Power

Power that is not directly observed, but understood.

Manifest Power

Power that is directly seen or noticeable.

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Expert Power

Power based on knowledge or skills.

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Referent Power

Power based on being liked or admired.

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Source of Power: Authority

The right to command, derived from acceptance.

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Source of Power: Human Resources

Ruler's power through people who obey or assist.

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Ruler's Power Limits

A ruler's control over resources (property, natural resources, finances, communication, and transportation) determines the extent of their power.

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Sanctions

The final measure of a ruler's power; the ability to enforce rules and punish those who disobey or challenge them, both internally and externally.

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Authority

The power to make binding decisions and enforce commands; perceived as justified and acceptable by citizens.

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Legitimacy

The general acceptance that a state's rules are justified and proper, based on morality, ethics.

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Political Science

The study of the state and government, with roots in ancient Greece and continuing today.

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Religious Stage (Polical Science)

The earliest stage of political thought, where governance and laws were considered divinely inspired.

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Metaphysical Stage (Polical Science)

A stage of political thought where the state is seen as a human institution but with reverence, possibly worship, highlighting its presumed perfection.

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Modern Stage (Polical Science)

A political science stage where governments are perceived as human institutions capable of improvement by leaders and citizens through principles and laws, building on Machiavelli's work.

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Historical Approach

Analyzing political systems and events, using historical data and development to understand institutions.

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Behavioral Approach

Uses scientific methods to study political behavior, focusing on individual actions within the political system.

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General Theory Approach

Developing wide-ranging theories to explain political structures and processes in societies.

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Systems Approach

Describes how different parts of a political system interact and influence each other.

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Structural-Functional Approach

Explaining how parts of a political system work together to keep the system stable.

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Political Economy

The study of relationships between the economy and the government.

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Goals of Political Science

Education for citizenship, part of liberal education, and knowledge of government.

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What does history study?

History examines past events and their impact on the present and future.

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What does economics focus on?

Economics analyzes the production, consumption, conservation, and distribution of a nation's wealth.

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What is the role of philosophy in political science?

Philosophy explores the principles and values that shape the government's structure and function.

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What does psychology study in the context of politics?

Psychology investigates individual behavior and its impact on political decision-making.

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What is the focus of sociology in political science?

Sociology examines group behavior and its role in political processes.

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What is geopolitics?

Geopolitics studies the physical factors influencing a nation's politics, such as population and resources.

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What is the role of statistics and logic in political science?

Statistics and logic are used to analyze data and draw logical conclusions about political trends and phenomena.

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What is jurisprudence?

Jurisprudence analyzes and interprets existing laws, exploring their historical context and potential consequences.

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De Facto Government

A government that exercises power and control over a state, but lacks international recognition.

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Sovereignty

The supreme, absolute, and uncontrollable power of a state to govern itself, both internally and externally.

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Internal Sovereignty

The state's power to control and direct its internal affairs, such as enacting and enforcing laws.

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External Sovereignty

The state's power to control its external affairs, like entering into treaties and waging war.

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Recognition

The act of acknowledging a state's international status and granting it legitimacy on the world stage.

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Divine Right Theory

A theory of state origin asserting that a state's authority comes directly from God.

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Social Contract Theory

A theory stating that individuals voluntarily surrender some of their rights and freedom to form a government for collective good.

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Force Theory

States originated through sheer force and dominance, with powerful individuals or groups subjugating others.

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Continental Shelf

The underwater extension of a continent, extending up to 200 nautical miles from the coastline or to the edge of the continental margin, whichever is greater. Coastal states have exclusive rights to explore and exploit resources within this area.

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Archipelago Doctrine

A legal concept applied to a group of islands that considers them as one integrated whole, rather than separate units. This allows for a definition of internal waters within the archipelago, limiting access for foreign vessels.

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Internal Waters

The water bodies enclosed within an archipelago's baselines, defined using straight lines connecting the outermost points of islands. These waters are considered part of the state's territory, with limited access for foreign vessels.

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Archipelagic Sea Lanes

Designated routes within an archipelago's internal waters that must be open to foreign vessels for passage. These lanes allow international seafaring without infringing on the state's sovereignty over its internal waters.

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International Seabed Authority (ISA)

An international organization established to regulate exploration and mining activities on the seabed beyond national jurisdiction. It ensures a fair and equitable sharing of resources and revenue from seabed mining.

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Aerial Domain

The airspace above the land and waters of a state. Its control encompasses the airspace within national borders, including airspace over its territorial waters and EEZ.

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Chicago Convention

A treaty establishing the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). It sets standards and regulations for international civil aviation, promoting safety, security, and cooperation in air travel.

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ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization)

A specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for regulating and coordinating international civil aviation. It sets standards, promotes cooperation, and develops global policies for air travel.

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Study Notes

Understanding Politics and Political Science

  • Politics is the art/science of governing, including interactions within governments and special interest groups.
  • It involves methods and tactics for policy formulation.
  • Modern political discourse focuses on democracy and citizen-government relationships.
  • Political science is the study of the state and government.
  • It draws from various fields like history, philosophy, and economics.
  • The study of political science has 3 stages: religious, metaphysical and modern.
  • Early approaches emphasized a legal and formal description of government. Later scientific approaches analyzed individual behavior in politics using scientific methods like hypotheses and variables. More contemporary approaches focus on comprehensive political structures and processes.
  • Key approaches include traditional/historical, scientific/behavioral, general theory, systems, structural-functional, and political economy.

Basic Concepts of Politics

  • Power: The ability or right to do something; the ability to control others. Power can be implicit (influence) or explicit (forceful direction).
  • Authority: The recognized right to command or direct; acceptance by people to be obeyed without the use of force. Authority factors into how much power a ruler holds.
  • Legitimacy: The concept that a ruler's power to command is justified and proper.
  • Aristotle's Influence: Aristotle's philosophy profoundly impacted the classical and contemporary understanding of politics by defining politics as the study of the affairs of the polis (city-state).

Sources of Power

  • Sources of a ruler's or leadar's power may include authority, human resources, skills/knowledge, and material resources.
  • Intangible factors (psychological) like habits and attitudes affect ruler's power.
  • Material (physical, economic) resources contribute significantly to power.
  • Sanctions are the final source, used to enforce obedience when needed.
  • Reward, Legitimate, and Coercive Power: These are types of sources of power.

Political Science

  • The definition of "political science" entails the study of the state and its government.
  • The field's roots trace back to the 14th century BC with Aristotle's work.
  • Aristotle is often called the "Father of Political Science".
  • Political science has advanced through three overlapping stages: religious, metaphysical, and modern.

Branches of Social Science

Political science draws from other social sciences, including history, economics, philosophy, psychology, sociology, and geopolitics. Statistics and logical analysis are also valuable tools.

Fundamentals of the State

  • A state has essential elements: people, territory, government and sovereignty.
  • A nation is a group of people who share common characteristics.
  • The state distinguishes itself from the government: the former is the overall entity, while the latter operates on its behalf.

Forms of Government

  • Different characteristics categorize various forms of government, including monarchy, aristocracy, oligarchy, democracy (direct/indirect), federal systems, and more.
  • These forms reflect how supreme power is held and how a country's political, executive and judicial operations function.

Inherent Powers of the State

  • Police Power: The power to promote public safety and welfare by regulating freedoms.
  • Power of Taxation: The ability to levy taxes for public expenditures.
  • Power of Eminent Domain: The authority to take private property for public use, with just compensation owed to the owners.

Land and Maritime Territory

  • Territorial Domain: The land mass of a state.
  • Maritime Territory: Includes internal waters, territorial waters, contiguous zones, exclusive economic zones, and continental shelves. International agreements like the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) define these maritime zones.

Modes of Acquiring Territory

  • Different ways a state can acquire territory include discovery, occupation, cession, accretion, and subjugation/annexation.

State Sovereignty

  • Sovereignty, the supreme power of a state to govern itself and its people, can be internal (domestic affairs) and external (relations with other countries).
  • Theories which describe how states originated include divine right, paternalistic, and social contract theories.

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Explore the fundamental concepts of politics and the science behind governance. This quiz delves into political theories, modern political discourse, and the evolution of political science. Test your knowledge on key approaches and the interplay between citizens and government.

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