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Questions and Answers
What primary effect does pneumonia have on the lungs?
What primary effect does pneumonia have on the lungs?
- It enhances the filtration of dust particles.
- It causes the alveoli to become inflamed. (correct)
- It causes the lungs to overproduce oxygen.
- It leads to the expansion of lung volume.
Which of the following is NOT a common bacterial cause of pneumonia?
Which of the following is NOT a common bacterial cause of pneumonia?
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Influenza virus (correct)
- Staphylococcus aureus
What symptom is commonly associated with pneumonia?
What symptom is commonly associated with pneumonia?
- Persistent cough producing phlegm (correct)
- Elevated metabolism
- Increased appetite
- Excessive energy levels
Which of the following individuals is most at risk for severe pneumonia?
Which of the following individuals is most at risk for severe pneumonia?
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Which symptoms might indicate a severe case of pneumonia?
Which symptoms might indicate a severe case of pneumonia?
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Which microorganism is mentioned as a potential cause of pneumonia?
Which microorganism is mentioned as a potential cause of pneumonia?
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Study Notes
Overview of Pneumonia
- Pneumonia is a serious lung infection characterized by inflammation of the alveoli, small air sacs in the lungs.
- Infected alveoli can fill with fluid or pus, leading to breathing difficulties.
- The severity of pneumonia varies from mild discomfort to severe, life-threatening conditions, particularly affecting vulnerable groups like the elderly, young children, and immunocompromised individuals.
Causes of Pneumonia
- Bacterial Causes:
- Common bacteria include:
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Common bacteria include:
- Viral Causes:
- Viruses such as:
- Influenza
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
- Coronaviruses can lead to pneumonia.
- Viruses such as:
- Fungal Causes:
- Fungal infections that cause pneumonia include:
- Histoplasmosis
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Cryptococcus
- Fungal pneumonia is more common in individuals with weakened immune systems.
- Fungal infections that cause pneumonia include:
- Parasitic Causes:
- Less frequently, parasites can initiate pneumonia, including:
- Toxoplasma gondii
- Strongyloides stercoralis
- Ascaris lumbricoides
- Schistosoma species
- Less frequently, parasites can initiate pneumonia, including:
Symptoms of Pneumonia
- Persistent Cough: Often results in phlegm or pus production.
- Fever and Chills: Characterized by elevated body temperature and shaking chills, indicating infection.
- Difficulty Breathing: May present as shortness of breath or rapid, shallow breathing.
- Chest Pain: Discomfort is common, especially during coughing or deep breaths.
- Fatigue: Individuals may experience unusual tiredness or weakness.
- Nausea or Vomiting: Symptoms can sometimes be accompanied by diarrhea.
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