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Questions and Answers
What primary effect does pneumonia have on the lungs?
What primary effect does pneumonia have on the lungs?
- It enhances the filtration of dust particles.
- It causes the alveoli to become inflamed. (correct)
- It causes the lungs to overproduce oxygen.
- It leads to the expansion of lung volume.
Which of the following is NOT a common bacterial cause of pneumonia?
Which of the following is NOT a common bacterial cause of pneumonia?
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Influenza virus (correct)
- Staphylococcus aureus
What symptom is commonly associated with pneumonia?
What symptom is commonly associated with pneumonia?
- Persistent cough producing phlegm (correct)
- Elevated metabolism
- Increased appetite
- Excessive energy levels
Which of the following individuals is most at risk for severe pneumonia?
Which of the following individuals is most at risk for severe pneumonia?
Which symptoms might indicate a severe case of pneumonia?
Which symptoms might indicate a severe case of pneumonia?
Which microorganism is mentioned as a potential cause of pneumonia?
Which microorganism is mentioned as a potential cause of pneumonia?
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Study Notes
Overview of Pneumonia
- Pneumonia is a serious lung infection characterized by inflammation of the alveoli, small air sacs in the lungs.
- Infected alveoli can fill with fluid or pus, leading to breathing difficulties.
- The severity of pneumonia varies from mild discomfort to severe, life-threatening conditions, particularly affecting vulnerable groups like the elderly, young children, and immunocompromised individuals.
Causes of Pneumonia
- Bacterial Causes:
- Common bacteria include:
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Common bacteria include:
- Viral Causes:
- Viruses such as:
- Influenza
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
- Coronaviruses can lead to pneumonia.
- Viruses such as:
- Fungal Causes:
- Fungal infections that cause pneumonia include:
- Histoplasmosis
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Cryptococcus
- Fungal pneumonia is more common in individuals with weakened immune systems.
- Fungal infections that cause pneumonia include:
- Parasitic Causes:
- Less frequently, parasites can initiate pneumonia, including:
- Toxoplasma gondii
- Strongyloides stercoralis
- Ascaris lumbricoides
- Schistosoma species
- Less frequently, parasites can initiate pneumonia, including:
Symptoms of Pneumonia
- Persistent Cough: Often results in phlegm or pus production.
- Fever and Chills: Characterized by elevated body temperature and shaking chills, indicating infection.
- Difficulty Breathing: May present as shortness of breath or rapid, shallow breathing.
- Chest Pain: Discomfort is common, especially during coughing or deep breaths.
- Fatigue: Individuals may experience unusual tiredness or weakness.
- Nausea or Vomiting: Symptoms can sometimes be accompanied by diarrhea.
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