Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of psychological interventions for burn patients?
What is the primary focus of psychological interventions for burn patients?
- Increasing social support
- Improving sleep quality
- Reducing psychological morbidities (correct)
- Reducing physical pain
Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for managing psychological distress in burn patients?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for managing psychological distress in burn patients?
- Seeking emotional support from professionals and other survivors
- Avoiding tobacco, illicit drugs, and excessive alcohol use
- Getting sufficient sleep and eating healthy foods
- Increasing physical activity and exercise (correct)
What is the definition of developmental disabilities (DD) according to the text?
What is the definition of developmental disabilities (DD) according to the text?
- Conditions that primarily affect language and social skills
- Disorders that are increasing in prevalence over time
- Severe chronic conditions due to mental and/or physical impairments (correct)
- Conditions that primarily affect learning and independent living
Which of the following is NOT a common developmental disability mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a common developmental disability mentioned in the text?
What is the trend in the prevalence of developmental disabilities according to the text?
What is the trend in the prevalence of developmental disabilities according to the text?
Which of the following is NOT a common psychological morbidity experienced by burn patients?
Which of the following is NOT a common psychological morbidity experienced by burn patients?
What is the primary purpose of the medications mentioned in the text for burn patients?
What is the primary purpose of the medications mentioned in the text for burn patients?
What is the main cause of intellectual or developmental disabilities?
What is the main cause of intellectual or developmental disabilities?
How does a learning disability impact a person's ability to learn?
How does a learning disability impact a person's ability to learn?
What is the purpose of the dermis layer of the skin?
What is the purpose of the dermis layer of the skin?
What is the most important factor in considering the severity of a burn injury?
What is the most important factor in considering the severity of a burn injury?
What is the name of the outermost layer of the skin?
What is the name of the outermost layer of the skin?
Which of the following is not a cause of intellectual or developmental disabilities?
Which of the following is not a cause of intellectual or developmental disabilities?
What is the main function of the elastic fibers in the dermis layer of the skin?
What is the main function of the elastic fibers in the dermis layer of the skin?
What is a common cause of developmental disabilities mentioned in the text?
What is a common cause of developmental disabilities mentioned in the text?
At what age does a child typically start making sounds like 'mama' and 'dada'?
At what age does a child typically start making sounds like 'mama' and 'dada'?
Which of the following developmental milestones is typically achieved by a child at 18 months?
Which of the following developmental milestones is typically achieved by a child at 18 months?
Which of the following is not a common cause of developmental disabilities mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is not a common cause of developmental disabilities mentioned in the text?
Which of the following developmental milestones is typically achieved by a child at 6 months?
Which of the following developmental milestones is typically achieved by a child at 6 months?
Which of the following developmental disabilities is not mentioned in the text?
Which of the following developmental disabilities is not mentioned in the text?
What is the typical developmental milestone for a child at 1 year of age?
What is the typical developmental milestone for a child at 1 year of age?
What is the definition of disability according to the text?
What is the definition of disability according to the text?
According to the World Health Organization, disability has how many dimensions?
According to the World Health Organization, disability has how many dimensions?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a type of disability in the text?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a type of disability in the text?
What are participation restrictions related to disability?
What are participation restrictions related to disability?
Which of the following is NOT an area mentioned as being affected by disability?
Which of the following is NOT an area mentioned as being affected by disability?
What type of limitation refers to difficulty seeing or hearing according to the text?
What type of limitation refers to difficulty seeing or hearing according to the text?
'Remembering' is mentioned as a type of disability that affects which aspect according to the text?
'Remembering' is mentioned as a type of disability that affects which aspect according to the text?
What did Leo Kanner describe as 'early infantile autism'?
What did Leo Kanner describe as 'early infantile autism'?
What is the most likely reason for the increasing prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
What is the most likely reason for the increasing prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
Which of the following is characteristic of a person with autism according to the text?
Which of the following is characteristic of a person with autism according to the text?
What makes Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) a neurobiological disorder according to the text?
What makes Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) a neurobiological disorder according to the text?
Why are combined clinician observation and caregiver reports considered more reliable for diagnosing ASD?
Why are combined clinician observation and caregiver reports considered more reliable for diagnosing ASD?
What aspect of childhood psychopathology did Leo Kanner specifically focus on in his description of 'early infantile autism'?
What aspect of childhood psychopathology did Leo Kanner specifically focus on in his description of 'early infantile autism'?
Which factor could potentially explain the reported increase in prevalence of ASD?
Which factor could potentially explain the reported increase in prevalence of ASD?
What does Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) change in an individual according to the text?
What does Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) change in an individual according to the text?
What is one of the key elements that contribute to the neurobiological nature of ASD?
What is one of the key elements that contribute to the neurobiological nature of ASD?
Why are diagnoses based on combined clinician observation and caregiver reports considered more reliable?
Why are diagnoses based on combined clinician observation and caregiver reports considered more reliable?
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Study Notes
Disability
- A disability is any condition of the body or mind that makes it difficult for a person to do certain activities and interact with the world around them.
- Can affect a person's vision, movement, communication, thinking, hearing, remembering, mental health, and social relationships.
- Disability has three dimensions: activity limitation, participation restrictions, and interaction with the environment.
Types of Disabilities
- Vision impairment
- Movement impairment
- Communication impairment
- Cognitive impairment
- Hearing impairment
- Mental health impairment
- Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) / dyspraxia
- Auditory processing disorder
- Blindness
- Cerebral palsy
- Moderate to profound hearing loss
- Seizures
Causes of Disability
- Genetic or chromosome abnormalities (e.g. Down syndrome)
- Prenatal exposure to substances (e.g. fetal alcohol spectrum disorders)
- Certain infections in pregnancy
- Preterm birth
Developmental Milestones
- Birth to 4 months: smiling, bringing hands to mouth
- 6 months: playing with others, sitting without support, rolling over
- 9 months: making sounds like "mama" and "dada", understanding the word "no", crawling, and pulling to a stand
- 1 year: playing peekaboo, following simple directions, and walking while holding on to furniture
- 18 months: speaking and understanding several words, eating with a spoon, walking, and walking up and down stairs
- 2 to 3 years: recognizing labels and colors, naming pictures of common objects, getting dressed and undressed, and walking and running easily
Treatment and Interventions
- Seek emotional support from professionals and other survivors
- Get sufficient sleep and eat healthy foods
- Avoid tobacco, illicit drugs, and excessive use of alcohol
- Medications for depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances
Developmental Disabilities
- A diverse group of severe chronic conditions due to mental and/or physical impairments
- People with developmental disabilities have problems with major life activities such as language, mobility, learning, self-help, and independent living
- Prevalence of developmental disabilities is increasing
- Examples of developmental disabilities include:
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- Autism
- Intellectual disability
- Learning difficulties
Learning Disabilities
- A specific and persistent disorder of a person's central nervous system affecting the learning process
- Impacts a person's ability to either interpret what they see and hear, or to link information from different parts of the brain
- Can be compensated for or circumvented through strategies
Burn Injuries
- The skin is the largest organ of the body and the most frequently injured structure in burns
- The depth or thickness of the injury is considered very important
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- A neurobiological disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors affecting the developing brain
- Characterized by a different way of thinking involving a neurological developmental difference
- Prevalence is reported to be 1 in 68
- Diagnosis is based on combined clinician observation and caregiver reports
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