Understanding Physical Disability and Types of Disabilities

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of psychological interventions for burn patients?

Increasing social support

Improving sleep quality

Reducing psychological morbidities (correct)

Reducing physical pain

Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for managing psychological distress in burn patients?

Seeking emotional support from professionals and other survivors

Avoiding tobacco, illicit drugs, and excessive alcohol use

Getting sufficient sleep and eating healthy foods

Increasing physical activity and exercise (correct)

What is the definition of developmental disabilities (DD) according to the text?

Conditions that primarily affect language and social skills

Disorders that are increasing in prevalence over time

Severe chronic conditions due to mental and/or physical impairments (correct)

Conditions that primarily affect learning and independent living

Which of the following is NOT a common developmental disability mentioned in the text?

Schizophrenia Signup and view all the answers

What is the trend in the prevalence of developmental disabilities according to the text?

Increasing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common psychological morbidity experienced by burn patients?

Obsessive-compulsive disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the medications mentioned in the text for burn patients?

To manage psychological symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of intellectual or developmental disabilities?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

How does a learning disability impact a person's ability to learn?

Both b and c Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the dermis layer of the skin?

Both a and b Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important factor in considering the severity of a burn injury?

The depth or thickness of the injury Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the outermost layer of the skin?

Epidermis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a cause of intellectual or developmental disabilities?

Aging Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the elastic fibers in the dermis layer of the skin?

To allow the skin to tolerate pressure and shearing forces Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of developmental disabilities mentioned in the text?

Genetic or chromosome abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

At what age does a child typically start making sounds like 'mama' and 'dada'?

9 months Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following developmental milestones is typically achieved by a child at 18 months?

Speaking and understanding several words, eating with a spoon, walking, and walking up and down stairs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a common cause of developmental disabilities mentioned in the text?

Lack of exercise Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following developmental milestones is typically achieved by a child at 6 months?

Playing with others, sitting without support, and rolling over Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following developmental disabilities is not mentioned in the text?

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical developmental milestone for a child at 1 year of age?

Playing peekaboo and following simple directions Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of disability according to the text?

A condition that makes it difficult to perform certain activities and interact with the world Signup and view all the answers

According to the World Health Organization, disability has how many dimensions?

Three dimensions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a type of disability in the text?

Smelling Signup and view all the answers

What are participation restrictions related to disability?

Engaging in social activities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an area mentioned as being affected by disability?

Financial status Signup and view all the answers

What type of limitation refers to difficulty seeing or hearing according to the text?

Activity limitation Signup and view all the answers

'Remembering' is mentioned as a type of disability that affects which aspect according to the text?

Thinking Signup and view all the answers

What did Leo Kanner describe as 'early infantile autism'?

A group of 11 children with similar specific symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely reason for the increasing prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

Increased awareness and overdiagnosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is characteristic of a person with autism according to the text?

Different way of thinking involving a neurological difference Signup and view all the answers

What makes Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) a neurobiological disorder according to the text?

Influenced by genetic and environmental factors affecting brain development Signup and view all the answers

Why are combined clinician observation and caregiver reports considered more reliable for diagnosing ASD?

They provide a more comprehensive view of the individual's behavior Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of childhood psychopathology did Leo Kanner specifically focus on in his description of 'early infantile autism'?

Specific symptoms different from other childhood behavior disorders Signup and view all the answers

Which factor could potentially explain the reported increase in prevalence of ASD?

Overinclusive diagnostic criteria Signup and view all the answers

What does Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) change in an individual according to the text?

'The way a person relates to their environment and people around them' Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key elements that contribute to the neurobiological nature of ASD?

Both genetic and environmental factors affecting brain development. Signup and view all the answers

Why are diagnoses based on combined clinician observation and caregiver reports considered more reliable?

They offer different perspectives which enhance accuracy. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Disability

A disability is any condition of the body or mind that makes it difficult for a person to do certain activities and interact with the world around them.
Can affect a person's vision, movement, communication, thinking, hearing, remembering, mental health, and social relationships.
Disability has three dimensions: activity limitation, participation restrictions, and interaction with the environment.

Types of Disabilities

Vision impairment
Movement impairment
Communication impairment
Cognitive impairment
Hearing impairment
Mental health impairment
Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) / dyspraxia
Auditory processing disorder
Blindness
Cerebral palsy
Moderate to profound hearing loss
Seizures

Causes of Disability

Genetic or chromosome abnormalities (e.g. Down syndrome)
Prenatal exposure to substances (e.g. fetal alcohol spectrum disorders)
Certain infections in pregnancy
Preterm birth

Developmental Milestones

Birth to 4 months: smiling, bringing hands to mouth
6 months: playing with others, sitting without support, rolling over
9 months: making sounds like "mama" and "dada", understanding the word "no", crawling, and pulling to a stand
1 year: playing peekaboo, following simple directions, and walking while holding on to furniture
18 months: speaking and understanding several words, eating with a spoon, walking, and walking up and down stairs
2 to 3 years: recognizing labels and colors, naming pictures of common objects, getting dressed and undressed, and walking and running easily

Treatment and Interventions

Seek emotional support from professionals and other survivors
Get sufficient sleep and eat healthy foods
Avoid tobacco, illicit drugs, and excessive use of alcohol
Medications for depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances

Developmental Disabilities

A diverse group of severe chronic conditions due to mental and/or physical impairments
People with developmental disabilities have problems with major life activities such as language, mobility, learning, self-help, and independent living
Prevalence of developmental disabilities is increasing
Examples of developmental disabilities include:
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- Autism
- Intellectual disability
- Learning difficulties

Learning Disabilities

A specific and persistent disorder of a person's central nervous system affecting the learning process
Impacts a person's ability to either interpret what they see and hear, or to link information from different parts of the brain
Can be compensated for or circumvented through strategies

Burn Injuries

The skin is the largest organ of the body and the most frequently injured structure in burns
The depth or thickness of the injury is considered very important

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A neurobiological disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors affecting the developing brain
Characterized by a different way of thinking involving a neurological developmental difference
Prevalence is reported to be 1 in 68
Diagnosis is based on combined clinician observation and caregiver reports

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Description

Learn about physical disability and different types of disabilities that can affect a person's vision, movement, communication, thinking, hearing, mental health, learning, and social relationships. Explore how disabilities can impact activities and interaction with the world.