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Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of hypoperfusion?
Which of the following is NOT a physiological response to hypoperfusion?
What is the primary characteristic of shock?
Which type of shock is typically caused by spinal cord injuries?
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What is the primary characteristic of Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the immune system's defense mechanisms?
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Study Notes
- Perfusion is the delivery of oxygen and nutrients by the circulatory system, and hypoperfusion occurs when tissue perfusion decreases below normal levels.
- In response to hypoperfusion, the body releases catecholamines like epinephrine, leading to increased cardiac contraction strength, heart rate, vasoconstriction, and systemic vascular resistance.
- Hypoperfusion can lead to shock, an abnormal state associated with inadequate oxygen and nutrient delivery to cells, resulting in impaired cellular metabolism and inadequate perfusion of vital organs.
- Different types of shock include central shock (cardiogenic and obstructive) and peripheral shock (hypovolemic and distributive).
- Septic shock results from widespread infection, while neurogenic shock usually stems from spinal cord injuries.
- Shock is characterized by reduced cardiac output, circulatory insufficiency, rapid heartbeat, and evaluation of peripheral pulses and organ perfusion is essential for diagnosis.
- Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) is the progressive failure of two or more organ systems in critically ill patients, with varied mortality rates based on underlying issues.
- The immune system's defense mechanisms include anatomic barriers like skin and immune responses against foreign substances.
- Immune responses involve natural or native immunity and passively acquired immunity through preformed antibodies.
- Inflammatory reactions and immune responses are independent processes often occurring simultaneously due to factors like infection and injury.
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Description
Test your knowledge on topics related to perfusion, shock, and immune responses. Learn about hypoperfusion, types of shock, shock characteristics, and immune defense mechanisms.
