Wk3--Ch44--OverviewOfPain--Sherpath

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Questions and Answers

Which statement provides an accurate description of pain?

  • Pain is objective.
  • Pain is subjective. (correct)
  • Pain is simple perception.
  • Pain is similar among individuals.

Which cues reflect psychological responses to pain? Select all that apply.

  • Anger/Anxiety (correct)
  • Grimacing
  • Irritability (correct)
  • Hopelessness (correct)

Which cues reflect verbal responses to pain? Select all that apply.

  • Anger
  • Crying (correct)
  • Moaning (correct)
  • Screaming (correct)

Match each theory of pain to its description.

<h1>Sensations relay a unique sequence of signals to the brain. = Pattern theory A mechanism in the spinal cord determines if pain signals reach the brain. = Gate Control theory The central nervous system is responsible for pain sensation. = Neuromatrix theory</h1> Signup and view all the answers

Match each body part to the description of its relative nociceptor density and pain sensitivity.

<h1>Highest density of nociceptors; extremely sensitive to pain = skin Lower density of nociceptors, less sensitive to pain = Joints and tissues Lowest density of nociceptors, respond only to painful stimuli = Internal organs</h1> Signup and view all the answers

Match each step of nociception to its description.

<p>Injury occurs, and injured tissues release neurotransmitters. = Transduction Pain impulses travel to the spinal cord and brain. = Transmission The brain interprets the pain signals. = Perception The brain releases analgesic neurotransmitters, or endogenous opioids. = Modulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes the role played by neurotransmitters when an individual experiences pain?

<p>The release of neurotransmitters is part of the inflammatory response. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each type of nociceptive pain with its description.

<p>Originates from organs within the body = Visceral Originates from skin, muscles, joints, and bones = Somatic Originates from internal organs, but is felt in other locations = Referred Originates from the source of pain to an adjacent area of the body = Radiating</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient complains of shooting pains in a leg following amputation of the leg. Which type of pain is the patient experiencing?

<p>Neuropathic pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each type of pain with its description.

<p>Pain that continues to occur after an injury has healed = Idiopathic Exacerbation of pain even though background pain is controlled = Breakthrough Transient pain with fast onset, short duration, and identifiable cause = Acute Persistent pain that can affect quality of life or cause disability = Chronic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristics are associated with chronic pain? Select all that apply.

<p>Intermittent pain (B), Potentially causes disability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes characteristics of an individual’s pain experience?

<p>Each person’s pain experience is unique. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An individual’s attendance at a chronic pain support group reflects which type of influencing factor?

<p>Social factor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cultural factors influence meanings and attitudes associated with pain? Select all that apply.

<p>Race (A), Education (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cues reflect behavioral responses to pain? Select all that apply.

<p>Grimaces (B), Clenched teeth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nurse is providing care for a patient with Alzheimer disease. Which factors would the nurse consider when conducting a pain assessment on a patient with a cognitive disorder? Select all that apply.

<p>The patient is able to experience pain. (A), The patient may not be able to express the location of pain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of pain was based on studies of phantom limb pain in amputees and proposes that pain cannot be explained solely by physical factors?

<p>Neuromatrix theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient has suffered burn injuries related to a house fire and is in the burn center for pain control and dressing changes. Which function does pain serve when it is associated with a thermal injury?

<p>Response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding nociception is accurate?

<p>The process begins with conversion of a stimulus to an electrical impulse. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step of nociception involves recognition of a painful stimulus and conversion of the stimulus to an electrical impulse?

<p>Transduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step of nociception involves translation of nerve signals?

<p>Perception (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the density of nociceptors throughout the body, which condition would the nurse expect to require the most analgesia?

<p>Burn (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Immune cells release which neurotransmitter during the inflammatory response?

<p>Histamine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient having a heart attack feels pain in the jaw. Which type of pain is the patient experiencing?

<p>Referred pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each type of pain with its description.

<h1>Nociceptors encounter harmful stimuli. = Nociceptive Nerves are injured or impaired. = Neuropathic No physical source of pain is evident = Psychogenic</h1> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristics describe acute pain? Select all that apply.

<p>Quick onset (A), Lasts less than 3 months (B), Linked to injury or trauma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is taking a prescribed sedative that affects the patient’s pain perception. Which type of influencing factor reflects this patient’s experience?

<p>Physiologic factor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each type of factor that can influence an individual’s perception of pain with its example.

<p>Presence of parent to provide support for child experiencing pain = Social Acknowledgment of pain as a weakness for men = Cultural Influence of genetics on pain tolerance = Physiologic Ability to cope with pain and perceived loss of control = Psychological</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention demonstrates psychological factors that influence pain?

<p>Using guided imagery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pain definition

Pain is a highly personal and subjective experience that varies from person to person.

Psychological pain responses

Psychological responses to pain can manifest as anger and anxiety.

Verbal pain responses

Verbal responses to pain can include crying.

Role of neurotransmitters in pain

The release of neurotransmitters is part of the inflammatory response when an individual experiences pain.

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Neuropathic pain

Shooting pains in a leg following amputation of the leg.

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Characteristics of chronic pain

Chronic pain presents with characteristics of intermittent pain.

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Uniqueness of pain experience

Each person’s pain experience is unique.

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Social factor influencing pain

Attendance at a chronic pain support group reflects a social factor influencing pain perception.

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Cultural factors influencing pain

Cultural factors, such as race, influence meanings and attitudes associated with pain.

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Behavioral responses to pain

Behavioral responses to pain include grimaces.

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Pain assessment in Alzheimer’s

Even with cognitive disorder, the patient is still able to experience pain.

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Neuromatrix theory of pain

Pain cannot be explained solely by physical factors.

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Pain as a thermal injury response.

Pain serves as a response to thermal injury.

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Beginning of nociception

Nociception begins with conversion of a stimulus to an electrical impulse.

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Transduction in nociception

Transduction involves recognition of a painful stimulus and its conversion to an electrical impulse.

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Perception in nociception

Perception step of nociception involves translation of nerve signals.

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Pain and nociceptor density

Burns would require the most analgesia due to a high density of nociceptors.

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Histamine release

Immune cells release histamine during the inflammatory response.

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Referred pain

Referred pain is pain felt in a location different from the injury, like jaw pain during a heart attack.

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Characteristics of acute pain

Acute pain is characterized by its quick onset.

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Physiologic factor influencing pain

A patient's pain perception, when affected by a prescribed sedative, is influenced by a physiologic factor.

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Psychological interventions for pain

Using guided imagery is an example of psychological factors influencing pain.

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Crying and Pain Relief

Crying helps reduce or relieve the stress caused in pain.

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