Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of acute pain?
What is a characteristic of acute pain?
Chronic pain can lead to disability and affect quality of life.
Chronic pain can lead to disability and affect quality of life.
True
What type of pain is phantom limb pain classified as?
What type of pain is phantom limb pain classified as?
Neuropathic Pain
Opioid analgesics are potent medications used to manage ______ pain.
Opioid analgesics are potent medications used to manage ______ pain.
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Match the following types of pain to their characteristics:
Match the following types of pain to their characteristics:
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Which of the following statements is true regarding cancer pain?
Which of the following statements is true regarding cancer pain?
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Allodynia is a condition where pain is experienced from normally non-painful stimuli.
Allodynia is a condition where pain is experienced from normally non-painful stimuli.
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Non-opioid analgesics are typically used for ________ pain relief.
Non-opioid analgesics are typically used for ________ pain relief.
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What is the correct sequence to administer nebulized medications?
What is the correct sequence to administer nebulized medications?
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Subcutaneous injections are absorbed faster than intramuscular injections.
Subcutaneous injections are absorbed faster than intramuscular injections.
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What should be verified before administering medication?
What should be verified before administering medication?
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Nebulized medications can help clear pulmonary secretions by adding __________ to the respiratory system.
Nebulized medications can help clear pulmonary secretions by adding __________ to the respiratory system.
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Match the type of insulin with its characteristic.
Match the type of insulin with its characteristic.
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Which of the following medications is administered via metered dose inhaler (MDI)?
Which of the following medications is administered via metered dose inhaler (MDI)?
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It is acceptable to prepare medications for multiple clients at the same time.
It is acceptable to prepare medications for multiple clients at the same time.
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What should be done if a medication prescription seems unclear?
What should be done if a medication prescription seems unclear?
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Before administering metoprolol, the nurse should obtain __________.
Before administering metoprolol, the nurse should obtain __________.
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Match the following insulin types with their examples.
Match the following insulin types with their examples.
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Which of the following is a key principle in safe medication administration?
Which of the following is a key principle in safe medication administration?
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Sublingual medications are absorbed through the stomach.
Sublingual medications are absorbed through the stomach.
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What is the primary reason for rinsing the mouth after nebulized steroid medication?
What is the primary reason for rinsing the mouth after nebulized steroid medication?
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Always document each medication after __________.
Always document each medication after __________.
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What is a potential consequence of opioid toxicity?
What is a potential consequence of opioid toxicity?
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Non-opioids have a higher risk of dependence compared to opioids.
Non-opioids have a higher risk of dependence compared to opioids.
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What antidote is used to reverse the effects of opioid toxicity?
What antidote is used to reverse the effects of opioid toxicity?
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___ is the process by which heat is transferred away from the body's surface by movement of air or water.
___ is the process by which heat is transferred away from the body's surface by movement of air or water.
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Match the type of pain with its description:
Match the type of pain with its description:
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Which of the following factors can cause orthostatic hypotension?
Which of the following factors can cause orthostatic hypotension?
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Diaphoresis is the process of cooling the body through conduction.
Diaphoresis is the process of cooling the body through conduction.
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What are the symptoms of opioid overdose?
What are the symptoms of opioid overdose?
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The normal range for systolic blood pressure is generally considered to be ___ mm Hg.
The normal range for systolic blood pressure is generally considered to be ___ mm Hg.
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What is a characteristic of nociceptors?
What is a characteristic of nociceptors?
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Radiation involves direct contact to transfer heat.
Radiation involves direct contact to transfer heat.
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What is the formula to convert grams to milligrams?
What is the formula to convert grams to milligrams?
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Match the following terms to their correct definitions:
Match the following terms to their correct definitions:
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Which group of patients is at higher risk for opioid toxicity?
Which group of patients is at higher risk for opioid toxicity?
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Study Notes
Acute vs Chronic Pain
- Acute Pain: Short duration (30 days to 6 months), fast onset, identifiable cause, transient, diminishes as injury heals. Associated with conditions like acute injury, surgery, and childbirth.
- Chronic Pain: Long duration (over 3 months), can be intermittent or continuous, often without identifiable cause, can lead to disability and lower quality of life. Common with conditions like arthritis and fibromyalgia.
Cancer Pain vs Neuropathic Pain
- Cancer Pain: Can be chronic or acute, not all cancer patients experience it, often relieved by simple interventions (90% effective). Pain can be nociceptive or neuropathic.
- Neuropathic Pain: Related to nerve injury, can be continuous or episodic, often persists after stimuli removal, characterized by sensations such as tingling, burning, or shooting pain. Linked to conditions like allodynia and phantom limb pain.
Pain Medication Education
- Opioid Analgesics: Manage moderate to severe pain, act on opiate receptors in the brain. Examples include morphine and fentanyl; administered in various ways (oral, IV, patch). Risks include respiratory depression and potential for addiction.
- Non-Opioid Analgesics: Used for mild to moderate pain, examples include acetaminophen and NSAIDs. Lower risk of dependence and often combined with opioids to minimize side effects.
Opioid Toxicity
- Refers to opioid overdose; symptoms include pinpoint pupils and respiratory depression. Naloxone can reverse toxicity if administered quickly. Higher risk in patients who are opioid-naive or taking high doses.
Orthostatic Hypotension
- Characterized by a drop in blood pressure upon position change, caused by vasodilation, aging, dehydration, etc. Symptoms include dizziness and faintness. Sudden BP drops of at least 20 mm Hg indicate urgent concern.
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer
- Radiation: Heat transfer through waves/particles without contact.
- Convection: Heat transfer via airflow or water movement.
- Evaporation: Liquid to vapor changes to lower temperature; increased by sweating.
- Conduction: Direct contact heat transfer; e.g., ice packs for cooling.
Pain Assessment (PQRSTU)
- Onset: Timing and activity when pain started.
- Provoking/Palliating: Factors that worsen or relieve pain.
- Quality: Description of pain type (e.g., throbbing).
- Region/Radiation: Location and spread of pain.
- Severity: Intensity of pain on a scale.
- Time & Treatment: Duration of symptoms and effectiveness of current medications.
Safe Medication Administration
- Follow the "10 rights" of medication administration; involve patient education and verification of allergies and medical history. Document and evaluate patient response after administration.
Nebulizer and MDI Usage
- Nebulized medications convert solutions to aerosols and are effective in delivering bronchodilators and steroids. Proper positioning and monitoring are crucial during delivery.
- Metered Dose Inhalers (MDI) involve shaking, inhaling, and timing between puffs for effective medication intake.
Insulin Types and Administration
- Rapid-Acting Insulin: Covers meals eaten at the same time, e.g., Humalog (Lispro).
- Short-Acting Insulin: Covers meals eaten within 30-60 minutes, e.g., Regular (Humulin).
- Intermediate-Acting Insulin: Covers insulin needs half the day or overnight, e.g., NPH.
- Long-Acting Insulin: Lasts up to 24 hours, e.g., Lantus (Glargine).
- Pre-Mixed Insulins: Combined intermediate- and short-acting for twice daily administration.
Sublingual vs Buccal Administration
- Sublingual: Medications placed under the tongue for rapid absorption (e.g., Nitroglycerin).
- Buccal: Medications placed against the cheek until dissolved; useful for antiemetics and opioids.
Respiratory Mechanisms
- Ventilation: Includes impaired airway clearance and hyperventilation.
- Perfusion: Relates to gas exchange efficiency.
- Diffusion: Activity intolerance affecting oxygen uptake.
- Breathing Mechanics: Inspiration is active, while expiration is passive.
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Description
This quiz explores the differences between acute and chronic pain, detailing their characteristics, causes, and associated conditions. It also covers cancer pain versus neuropathic pain, highlighting the nature of each type and methods of pain relief. Test your knowledge on pain management strategies and the role of medications.
