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Understanding Pain: Acute vs Chronic
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Understanding Pain: Acute vs Chronic

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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of acute pain?

  • Long duration lasting more than 3 months
  • Continuous pain without identifiable cause
  • Fast onset with an identifiable cause (correct)
  • Associated with chronic conditions

    • Chronic pain can lead to disability and affect quality of life.

    True

    What type of pain is phantom limb pain classified as?

    Neuropathic Pain

    Opioid analgesics are potent medications used to manage ______ pain.

    <p>moderate to severe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of pain to their characteristics:

    <p>Acute Pain = Short duration and identifiable cause Chronic Pain = Long duration, can lead to disability Cancer Pain = Can be chronic but not always present Neuropathic Pain = Described as nerve injury or impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding cancer pain?

    <p>Cancer pain can often be relieved with simple interventions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Allodynia is a condition where pain is experienced from normally non-painful stimuli.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Non-opioid analgesics are typically used for ________ pain relief.

    <p>mild to moderate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence to administer nebulized medications?

    <p>Help the patient to an upright position, turn on airflow, ensure mist formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Subcutaneous injections are absorbed faster than intramuscular injections.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be verified before administering medication?

    <p>Patient identification and allergies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nebulized medications can help clear pulmonary secretions by adding __________ to the respiratory system.

    <p>moisture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of insulin with its characteristic.

    <p>Rapid acting = Inject 10-15 min before mealtime Short acting = Inject 20-30 minutes before mealtime Long acting = Covers insulin needs for 24 hrs Intermediate acting = Commonly used twice daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is administered via metered dose inhaler (MDI)?

    <p>Asthma inhalers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is acceptable to prepare medications for multiple clients at the same time.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a medication prescription seems unclear?

    <p>Question the provider.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before administering metoprolol, the nurse should obtain __________.

    <p>vital signs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following insulin types with their examples.

    <p>Rapid acting = Humalog Short acting = Regular (R) Humulin Intermediate acting = NPH (N) Long acting = Lantus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key principle in safe medication administration?

    <p>Encouraging patients to identify their medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sublingual medications are absorbed through the stomach.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for rinsing the mouth after nebulized steroid medication?

    <p>To prevent oral thrush and irritation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Always document each medication after __________.

    <p>administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of opioid toxicity?

    <p>Pinpoint pupils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Non-opioids have a higher risk of dependence compared to opioids.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What antidote is used to reverse the effects of opioid toxicity?

    <p>Naloxone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___ is the process by which heat is transferred away from the body's surface by movement of air or water.

    <p>Convection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of pain with its description:

    <p>Nociceptive pain = Initiates from nociceptors and can be visceral, somatic, or referred Visceral pain = Originates from internal organs, gradual onset Somatic pain = Emanates from skin, muscles, joints, and bones Referred pain = Felt in a location other than where it originated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can cause orthostatic hypotension?

    <p>Prolonged immobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diaphoresis is the process of cooling the body through conduction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of opioid overdose?

    <p>Pinpoint pupils, unconsciousness, respiratory depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The normal range for systolic blood pressure is generally considered to be ___ mm Hg.

    <p>120</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of nociceptors?

    <p>They initiate the sensation of pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Radiation involves direct contact to transfer heat.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to convert grams to milligrams?

    <p>1g = 1000mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms to their correct definitions:

    <p>Nociceptive pain = Pain from tissue damage Opioid overdose = Excessive opioid consumption leading to toxicity Orthostatic hypotension = Drop in blood pressure during position changes Evaporation = Cooling process via changing liquid to vapor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of patients is at higher risk for opioid toxicity?

    <p>Opioid-naive patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acute vs Chronic Pain

    • Acute Pain: Short duration (30 days to 6 months), fast onset, identifiable cause, transient, diminishes as injury heals. Associated with conditions like acute injury, surgery, and childbirth.
    • Chronic Pain: Long duration (over 3 months), can be intermittent or continuous, often without identifiable cause, can lead to disability and lower quality of life. Common with conditions like arthritis and fibromyalgia.

    Cancer Pain vs Neuropathic Pain

    • Cancer Pain: Can be chronic or acute, not all cancer patients experience it, often relieved by simple interventions (90% effective). Pain can be nociceptive or neuropathic.
    • Neuropathic Pain: Related to nerve injury, can be continuous or episodic, often persists after stimuli removal, characterized by sensations such as tingling, burning, or shooting pain. Linked to conditions like allodynia and phantom limb pain.

    Pain Medication Education

    • Opioid Analgesics: Manage moderate to severe pain, act on opiate receptors in the brain. Examples include morphine and fentanyl; administered in various ways (oral, IV, patch). Risks include respiratory depression and potential for addiction.
    • Non-Opioid Analgesics: Used for mild to moderate pain, examples include acetaminophen and NSAIDs. Lower risk of dependence and often combined with opioids to minimize side effects.

    Opioid Toxicity

    • Refers to opioid overdose; symptoms include pinpoint pupils and respiratory depression. Naloxone can reverse toxicity if administered quickly. Higher risk in patients who are opioid-naive or taking high doses.

    Orthostatic Hypotension

    • Characterized by a drop in blood pressure upon position change, caused by vasodilation, aging, dehydration, etc. Symptoms include dizziness and faintness. Sudden BP drops of at least 20 mm Hg indicate urgent concern.

    Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

    • Radiation: Heat transfer through waves/particles without contact.
    • Convection: Heat transfer via airflow or water movement.
    • Evaporation: Liquid to vapor changes to lower temperature; increased by sweating.
    • Conduction: Direct contact heat transfer; e.g., ice packs for cooling.

    Pain Assessment (PQRSTU)

    • Onset: Timing and activity when pain started.
    • Provoking/Palliating: Factors that worsen or relieve pain.
    • Quality: Description of pain type (e.g., throbbing).
    • Region/Radiation: Location and spread of pain.
    • Severity: Intensity of pain on a scale.
    • Time & Treatment: Duration of symptoms and effectiveness of current medications.

    Safe Medication Administration

    • Follow the "10 rights" of medication administration; involve patient education and verification of allergies and medical history. Document and evaluate patient response after administration.

    Nebulizer and MDI Usage

    • Nebulized medications convert solutions to aerosols and are effective in delivering bronchodilators and steroids. Proper positioning and monitoring are crucial during delivery.
    • Metered Dose Inhalers (MDI) involve shaking, inhaling, and timing between puffs for effective medication intake.

    Insulin Types and Administration

    • Rapid-Acting Insulin: Covers meals eaten at the same time, e.g., Humalog (Lispro).
    • Short-Acting Insulin: Covers meals eaten within 30-60 minutes, e.g., Regular (Humulin).
    • Intermediate-Acting Insulin: Covers insulin needs half the day or overnight, e.g., NPH.
    • Long-Acting Insulin: Lasts up to 24 hours, e.g., Lantus (Glargine).
    • Pre-Mixed Insulins: Combined intermediate- and short-acting for twice daily administration.

    Sublingual vs Buccal Administration

    • Sublingual: Medications placed under the tongue for rapid absorption (e.g., Nitroglycerin).
    • Buccal: Medications placed against the cheek until dissolved; useful for antiemetics and opioids.

    Respiratory Mechanisms

    • Ventilation: Includes impaired airway clearance and hyperventilation.
    • Perfusion: Relates to gas exchange efficiency.
    • Diffusion: Activity intolerance affecting oxygen uptake.
    • Breathing Mechanics: Inspiration is active, while expiration is passive.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the differences between acute and chronic pain, detailing their characteristics, causes, and associated conditions. It also covers cancer pain versus neuropathic pain, highlighting the nature of each type and methods of pain relief. Test your knowledge on pain management strategies and the role of medications.

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