Heart failure

What is the net filtration pressure at the arteriolar end of the capillary?

What is the relationship between hydrostatic pressure and protein osmotic pressure at the arteriole end of the capillary?

Which of the following is the primary reason for the development of edema in congestive heart failure (CHF)?

Which of the following conditions can lead to oedema by causing venous obstruction?

Which of the following is primarily responsible for edema formation due to hypoalbuminemia?

Which of the following conditions can lead to oedema by causing lymphatic obstruction?

Which of the following is a reason for the increase in hydrostatic pressure in the vessels?

Which of the following conditions can lead to edema by causing venous outflow obstruction?

Which of the following is a compensatory response in chronic heart failure?

Which of the following is a cause of cardiac heart failure?

Which type of heart failure is characterized by the inability of the ventricle to contract normally and expel sufficient blood?

Which type of heart failure is characterized by the inability of the ventricle to relax and fill normally?

Which type of heart failure is characterized by increased demand by the body and normal to high ejection fraction?

Which type of heart failure is characterized by the heart's inability to produce adequate output and low ejection fraction?

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of left-sided cardiac failure?

What are the morphologic and clinical effects of left-sided heart failure primarily due to?

Which of the following is the earliest and most significant symptom of left-sided heart failure?

Which position typically relieves orthopnea in patients with left-sided heart failure?

Which of the following is a consequence of progressive ventricular dilation in left-sided heart failure?

What is the primary reason for the development of orthopnea in left-sided heart failure?

What is the primary reason for the development of edema in left heart failure?

What is the relationship between stroke volume and end-diastolic volume?

Which of the following is a symptom of left-sided heart failure?

What is the consequence of blood and alveolar fluid settling along the posterior wall of the lung when supine?

Which position typically relieves orthopnea in patients with left-sided heart failure?

What is the primary cause of right-heart failure?

Which of the following is a symptom of low cardiac output in left ventricular failure?

What is the primary cause of pulmonary congestion in left ventricular failure?

What is the effect of fluid compression on airways in left ventricular failure?

Which of the following is a symptom of sympathetic activation which try and increase cardiac output in left ventricular failure?

What is the term for isolated right ventricular failure not due to left heart failure?

What is the effect of chronic exposure to high afterload on the right ventricle?

What is the consequence of right ventricular myocardium being stretched to longer than its optimal contraction length?

What happens to right ventricular stroke volume in right-sided heart failure?

Which of the following is a symptom of right-sided heart failure?

What is the consequence of blood backing up into the systemic venous vasculature in right-sided heart failure?

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of right-sided heart failure?

What can right-sided heart failure lead to in the kidneys and brain?

What is the consequence of cardiac decompensation in right-sided heart failure?

What is the primary cause of ascites in right-sided heart failure?

What are the morphologic and clinical effects of right-sided heart failure primarily due to?