Understanding Obligations in Contracts

<p>An obligation ending once a specified event occurs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pure obligation has no time constraints. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kimberly offering to give a car based on exam results. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They impose additional penalties for non-fulfillment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When a resolutory condition is pending. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is deemed an obligation with a period. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The court may fix the duration of the period. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each debtor is liable only for a proportionate part of the debt. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acquisition of rights occurs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rights already acquired are extinguished. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creditors can demand the entire compliance from any debtor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A day that is unknown but will definitely come. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To each his own. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are effective at once but cease upon reaching a certain day. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solidary obligations allow any creditor to demand from any debtor the full amount. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C can demand P500,000 from A and P500,000 from B. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As an obligation with an indefinite period. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can seek reimbursement from the other debtor for their share. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The successful completion of the condition. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cannot be fully fulfilled by any debtor except by complete payment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A may demand reimbursement from the other creditors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To deliver 200 kilos of sugar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural or absolute indivisibility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To substitute indemnity for damages in case of non-compliance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Imposed by law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quantitative division (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traditional indivisibility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Damages shall be paid if fraud is proven (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dividing items regardless of their quantity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure the performance of an obligation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is enforceable alongside the principal obligation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>P50,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It simplifies the calculation of damages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may be reduced by the court (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A penalty clause (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No, it is subject to judicial review (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Actual damages and interest payments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The obligation takes effect after a certain point in time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A suspensive period begins an obligation at a future point, while a resolutory period ends it. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A timeframe established by a court ruling. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A condition can be uncertain, whereas a period is always certain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person must completely fulfill one of several obligations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The exact date for performance is not defined. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receiving an allowance until the end of a specific date. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Legally recognized and physically real. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An obligation that can be demanded immediately, as it doesn't depend on any future or uncertain event, or unknown past event.

An obligation whose fulfillment depends on a specific condition, which may or may not happen.

A condition that, when met, creates an obligation.

A condition that, when met, extinguishes an obligation.

A type of obligation that is legally enforceable immediately, without needing any specific event to happen.

A past event that the parties in an obligation are unaware of. The event can affect the validity.

An obligation that ends due to a specified incident.

An obligation without any conditions or terms, that can be demanded immediately.

An obligation where performance is contingent on a future, certain event.

Obligation where the date of performance is left to the discretion of the debtor. The court may specify the period.

If no specific date for performance is set, but the nature of the agreement or circumstances indicate a period should exist, the court can determine a timeframe.

A specific date that must come, even if not yet known, but must absolutely occur.

A future, certain event that either creates or ends an obligation. It's different from a condition because a condition is uncertain.

An obligation starts on a specific future date. The obligation doesn't exist until the period happens.

An obligation exists until a certain future date, then ends. The obligation ends on the period happening

A period set by law.

A period agreed upon by the involved parties.

A period set by a court of law.

A period with a specific date or time.

A period without a specific date or time.

A type of obligation where each debtor is responsible for a specific portion of the debt, and each creditor is entitled to a specific portion of the credit.

A type of obligation where any debtor can be held liable for the entire debt, and any creditor can demand the full amount from any debtor.

Each debtor is liable only for a proportionate part of the debt, and each creditor is entitled only to a proportionate part of the credit.

Each debtor is bound to fulfill the entire obligation, and each creditor has the right to demand the full amount from any debtor.

Alex and Eduard owe Therylou P10,000. Alex is responsible for P5,000, and Eduard is responsible for P5,000.

A and B are solidary debtors of C to the amount of P1,000,000. C can demand the entire P1,000,000 from A.

An obligation where the object of the obligation can be divided into parts without affecting its essence.

An obligation where the object of the obligation cannot be divided into parts without affecting its essence.

Indivisibility agreed upon by the parties involved. Example: two friends agreeing to take a trip to Manila together.

Indivisibility due to the nature of the object. Example: giving a particular ring. You can't give half of it.

Indivisibility established by law. Example: if the law requires fulfilling a specific condition before transferring property.

A clause in a contract that sets out a specific penalty for non-compliance with the terms of the agreement.

The penalty under a penal clause can be substituted for regular damages if the obligor fails to comply.

If the obligor purposely breaks the contract or acts dishonestly, they will still have to pay damages even if the penalty is enforced.

To ensure the timely and proper performance of an obligation. It also acts as a substitute for calculating actual damages and interest in case of non-compliance.

A penal clause is an obligation that can be demanded in case of non-performance, while a condition is not itself demandable. A condition triggers or terminates the obligation, while a penalty is a consequence of non-compliance.

No. A penalty clause must be fair and reasonable. If the penalty is excessive or unconscionable, it can be reduced or nullified by the court.

A contractor agrees to build a house within 80 days. If there's a delay, they pay P10,000 per day. The penalty acts as liquidated damages, replacing the need to calculate actual losses.

A contract may stipulate compounded interest for non-performance. If this interest is unreasonable, it can be reduced.

A buyer has 2 years to build 50% of their residence. Failure to do so results in a P11,123 payment to the seller. This is a classic example of a penalty clause.

A penalty clause is a pre-determined amount, replacing the calculation of actual damages. Liquidated damages are pre-established amounts but can be adjusted by the court if deemed unreasonable.