Understanding Network Topology Types

Network Topology

• Network topology defines the structure of the network, describing how all components are interconnected.

Physical Topology

• Refers to the geometric representation of all nodes in a network.
• There are six types of network topologies: Bus, Ring, Tree, Star, Mesh, and Hybrid.

Bus Topology

• Uses CSMA (media access control) to maintain data integrity and prevent data loss.
• Two alternative ways to handle simultaneous message sending:
  • CSMA/CD (Collision Detection)
  • CSMA/CA (Collision Avoidance)
• Advantages:
  • Simple installation and management
  • Requires less cable length
  • Nodes can be added or removed easily
• Disadvantages:
  • Failure of the backbone cable affects entire network
  • Difficult to troubleshoot

Ring Topology

• Uses token passing for message transmission.
• Advantages:
  • High-speed data transfer
  • Uses a limited amount of cable
• Disadvantages:
  • Failure of one node affects entire network
  • Installing and managing is complex

Star Topology

• All nodes connect to a central device (hub or switch).
• Advantages:
  • Easy to install and manage
  • Failure of one node doesn't affect entire network
• Disadvantages:
  • Failure of the central device affects entire network
  • Adding new devices is difficult

Tree Topology

• Combines characteristics of bus and star topologies.
• Advantages:
  • Relatively easy to install and manage
  • Scalable and flexible
• Disadvantages:
  • Failure of a branch affects entire network
  • Difficult to troubleshoot

Mesh Topology

• Each node connects to every other node.
• Formula to calculate connections: n(n-1)/2 where n is the number of nodes.
• Divided into two categories:
  • Partial Mesh: Some nodes connect to every other node.
  • Full Mesh: Every node connects to every other node.
• Advantages:
  • Reliable: Network remains functional even if one link breaks.
  • Fast communication between nodes.
  • Easier reconfiguration when adding new devices.

Learn about network topology, which defines how network components are interconnected. Explore the differences between physical and logical topology, as well as types such as Bus, Ring, Tree, Star, Mesh, and Hybrid Topology.