Understanding Network Topology Types

Network Topology

• Network topology defines the structure of the network, describing how all components are interconnected.

Physical Topology

• Refers to the geometric representation of all nodes in a network.
• There are six types of network topologies: Bus, Ring, Tree, Star, Mesh, and Hybrid.

Bus Topology

• Uses CSMA (media access control) to maintain data integrity and prevent data loss.
• Two alternative ways to handle simultaneous message sending:
  • CSMA/CD (Collision Detection)
  • CSMA/CA (Collision Avoidance)
• Advantages:
  • Simple installation and management
  • Requires less cable length
  • Nodes can be added or removed easily
• Disadvantages:
  • Failure of the backbone cable affects entire network
  • Difficult to troubleshoot

Ring Topology

• Uses token passing for message transmission.
• Advantages:
  • High-speed data transfer
  • Uses a limited amount of cable
• Disadvantages:
  • Failure of one node affects entire network
  • Installing and managing is complex

Star Topology

• All nodes connect to a central device (hub or switch).
• Advantages:
  • Easy to install and manage
  • Failure of one node doesn't affect entire network
• Disadvantages:
  • Failure of the central device affects entire network
  • Adding new devices is difficult

Tree Topology

• Combines characteristics of bus and star topologies.
• Advantages:
  • Relatively easy to install and manage
  • Scalable and flexible
• Disadvantages:
  • Failure of a branch affects entire network
  • Difficult to troubleshoot

Mesh Topology

• Each node connects to every other node.
• Formula to calculate connections: n(n-1)/2 where n is the number of nodes.
• Divided into two categories:
  • Partial Mesh: Some nodes connect to every other node.
  • Full Mesh: Every node connects to every other node.
• Advantages:
  • Reliable: Network remains functional even if one link breaks.
  • Fast communication between nodes.
  • Easier reconfiguration when adding new devices.