Understanding Momentum and Impulse

What is momentum a measure of?

Which formula correctly calculates momentum?

A 5 kg object is moving at a velocity of 10 m/s. What is its momentum?

What is the standard unit for impulse?

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating impulse?

A force of 20 N is applied to an object for 5 seconds. What is the impulse?

The impulse-momentum theorem states that:

Which equation represents the impulse-momentum theorem?

A 2 kg ball's velocity changes from 5 m/s to 15 m/s over 2 seconds. What force was applied?

How can the force exerted by a fluid on an object be calculated?

Water exits a hose at a rate of 3 kg/s with a velocity of 15 m/s. What force does the water exert?

What does $F(t) = \frac{dp}{dt}$ represent?

If the momentum of an object changes over time, how is the force acting on it determined?

What condition is required for the conservation of momentum in a system?

Which equation is used to represent the conservation of momentum in a two-object collision?

A 2 kg object moving at 3 m/s collides with a 3 kg object at rest. If they stick together, what is their final velocity?

In an inelastic collision:

What is characteristic of objects after an inelastic collision?

In an inelastic collision where two objects stick together, how is the final velocity calculated?

In elastic collisions:

What must be used to find a solution when final speeds for both objects are unknown in an elastic collision?

Which equation applies when final speeds are unknown in a perfectly elastic collision?

A 3 kg object moving at 4 m/s to the right collides elastically with a 5 kg object moving at 2 m/s to the left. What is the final velocity of the 3 kg object?

A 2 kg object moving at 5 m/s collides elastically with a stationary 3 kg object. What is the final velocity of the 3 kg object after the collision?

How does increasing the time interval over which a constant force is applied affect the impulse?

What is the change in momentum of a 10 kg object that experiences an impulse of 50 N·s?

Consider two objects of different masses colliding. According to the conservation of momentum, what remains constant?

A ball is dropped from a height and bounces off the ground. If the collision is perfectly elastic, what can be said about the ball's kinetic energy?

What distinguishes an inelastic collision from an elastic collision?

When calculating the force exerted by a fluid jet, what does (\frac{\Delta m}{\Delta t}) represent?

A hose ejects water at a rate of 2 kg/s with a velocity of 10 m/s, directed horizontally against a stationary wall. What is the magnitude of the force exerted by the water on the wall, assuming the water does not rebound?

A spacecraft is moving in deep space. If it fires its engine, expelling exhaust gases, how does this affect the spacecraft's momentum, according to the conservation of momentum?

A system consists of two carts on a frictionless track. Cart A has a mass of 2 kg and moves at 3 m/s to the right. Cart B has a mass of 3 kg and is initially at rest. If the carts collide and stick together, what is the final velocity of the combined carts?

A rubber ball and a steel ball, both of the same mass, are dropped onto a steel plate. The rubber ball bounces back less than the steel ball. Which ball imparts a greater impulse to the steel plate?

A 0.145 kg baseball is pitched at 40 m/s and then hit by the batter, sending it back in the opposite direction at 50 m/s. If the contact time between the bat and ball is 0.002 s, what is the average force exerted by the bat on the ball?

Two ice skaters, initially at rest, push off against one another. Skater A has a mass of 60 kg and Skater B has a mass of 80 kg. If Skater A moves away with a velocity of 2 m/s, what is the velocity of Skater B?

A tennis ball of mass $m$ is dropped onto a hard floor from a height $h$ and bounces back to a height of $0.64h$. What is the impulse imparted to the ball by the floor?

A rocket in deep space has an initial mass of $M_0$ (including fuel). It ejects fuel at a constant rate $\frac{dm}{dt} = -b$ and at a velocity $v_{ex}$ relative to the rocket. What is the thrust force on the rocket?

A chain of length $L$ and mass $M$ is held vertically with its lower end just touching a scale. The chain is released and falls onto the scale. What is the reading on the scale when the length $x$ of the chain has already fallen onto it?

Under what condition is no net work done on an object?

Which of the following units cannot be used to express work?

A 50 N force is applied via a rope to pull a block across a frictionless surface for 10 m, resulting in 433 J of net work. What is the angle between the rope and the horizontal?

A person pushes a lawn mower with a force of 60 N at an angle of 50° below the horizontal, moving it 12 m across a yard. What work is done by the person on the mower?

A 7.00-kg block of ice slides across a frozen pond at 3.00 m/s. A 9.00-N force is applied in the direction of motion. After the ice block slides 20.0 m, the force is removed. The work done by the applied force is:

A force of 30 N, directed at an angle of 40° above the horizontal, moves a 12-kg crate along a horizontal surface at a constant velocity of 2 m/s. What work is done by this force in moving the crate a distance of 20 m?

A 2.0-kg ball on the end of a string is whirled at a constant speed of 3.0 m/s in a horizontal circle of radius 2.0 m. What is the work done by the centripetal force during one revolution?

Sarah carries a 10.0-kg bag of groceries as she walks 25 m along a horizontal path to her apartment at a constant speed of 2.0 m/s. How much work does Sarah do in carrying the bag?

Which one correctly exemplifies an object possessing non-zero kinetic energy:

About kinetic energy, pick the true statement:

Which of the following has the greatest kinetic energy, assuming they all have a non-zero velocity?

Under what circumstances will an object's kinetic energy increase?

A 1200-kg car is traveling at a constant speed of 25 m/s. What is the kinetic energy of the car?

A car with a kinetic energy of $4 \times 10^5$ J comes to a stop. How much work was required to stop the car?

How much energy is dissipated by the brakes of a 1500-kg car as it comes to a stop from an initial speed of 20 m/s?

The kinetic energy of a 2000-kg truck is $9 \times 10^5$ J. What is the speed of the truck?

Using the work-energy theorem, calculate the force required to accelerate a 0.001 kg particle from $2 \times 10^6$ m/s to $6 \times 10^6$ m/s in a distance of 0.1 m.

Which situation involves a decrease in gravitational potential energy?

An elevator ascends a shaft at a constant speed. Regarding only the work done by gravitational force and the tension in the cable, which statement is true?

During the construction of a high-rise building, a 60-kg block is lifted 30 meters above the ground. What is the change in the gravitational potential energy of the block?

A 2000-kg elevator moves upward with constant speed through a vertical distance of 30 m. How much work was done by the tension in the elevator cable?

As he sits 3.00 m above the ground in a sky diving airplane before it takes off, Xavier's gravitational potential energy is 2352 J. What is Larry's gravitational potential energy when be begins to jump from the airplane at an altitude of 1000 m?

Two balls of different radii are dropped from the same height from the roof of a building. Ball A has is made of metal, while Ball B is made of plastic. When the balls reach the ground, how do the kinetic energies of the two balls compare, if we consider drag?

Suppose a 15-kg crate is pushed up an incline. The change in height is 3.0 m. What is the change in the gravitational potential energy of the crate?

A woman stands on the edge of a cliff and throws a stone horizontally outward with a speed of 20 m/s. The instant before the stone hits the ground below, it has 600 J of kinetic energy. If she were to throw the stone vertically downward from the cliff with the same initial speed of 20 m/s, how much kinetic energy would it have just before it hits the ground? (Assume air resistance is negligible.)

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding a crate pulled by a donkey up an inclined plane at a constant speed?

A rock is thrown straight up from the surface of the Earth. Which statement is true, assuming we neglect air resistance?

Complete the following statement about a conservative force:

Which one is a conservative force?

Between these options, which one depicts a non-conservative force?

Under what conditions will a constant applied force NOT result in an increase in kinetic energy?

In analyzing work and energy problems, which of the following forces typically requires special consideration due to its path dependence?

If the total mechanical energy of a system is conserved, what can be said about the work done by non-conservative forces?

A roller coaster car starts from rest at the top of a hill and rolls down, eventually reaching the top of another hill that is lower than the starting point. Assuming negligible friction, how does the car's kinetic energy at the top of the second hill compare to its initial potential energy?

A rubber ball is freely falling and hits the ground. Upon contact, compression of ground and ball results in production of heat. Is this force considered conservative?

Suppose a block of ice is heated, but no phase transitions occur. What statement is correct?

A motorcycle starts at rest and accelerates. Friction and drag from that motorcycle is converted into?

A circus performer is shot out from a cannon. He has both kinetic and potential energy. From the reference point of when he is shot out, a viewer far away will see which of these?

In which scenario is zero net work done?

Which of the following units is NOT a valid expression for work?

A box is pulled 8.0 m across a frictionless surface by a rope with a tension of 50 N. If the net work done on the block is 340 J, what angle does the rope make with the horizontal?

A lawn mower is pushed with a force of 50 N directed at an angle of 35° below the horizontal. How much work is done if the mower moves 10 m across the yard?

A 6.00-kg block of ice is sliding across a frozen pond at 3.00 m/s. A 8.00-N force is applied in the direction of motion. After the ice block slides 12.0 m, the force is removed. The work done by the applied force is:

Jane carries a 12.0-kg bag of groceries as she walks 20 m along a horizontal path to her apartment at a constant speed of 2.5 m/s. How much work does Jane do in carrying the bag?

Identify the best example of an object possessing non-zero kinetic energy:

Which statement accurately describes kinetic energy?

Assuming they all have a non-zero velocity, which of the following has the greatest kinetic energy?

A race car has a mass of 1500 kg and is traveling at a constant speed of 30 m/s. What is the kinetic energy of the race car?

A train with a kinetic energy of $5 \times 10^6$ J comes to a stop. How much work was required to stop the train?

The kinetic energy of a 1500-kg car is $8 \times 10^5$ J. What is the speed of the car?

Which of the following involves a decrease in gravitational potential energy?

During the construction of a skyscraper, a 50-kg block is lifted 40 meters above the ground. What is the change in the gravitational potential energy of the block?

Ben's gravitational potential energy is 1900 J as he stands 2.0 m above the ground in a sky diving airplane before it takes off. What is Ben's gravitational potential energy when be begins to jump from the airplane at an altitude of 1,100 m?

Two balls of different radii are dropped from the same height from the roof of a building. Ball A is made of steel, while Ball B is made of plastic. When the balls reach the ground, how do the kinetic energies of the two balls compare, if we consider drag?

A woman stands on the edge of a cliff and throws a stone vertically downward with an initial speed of 30 m/s. The instant before the stone hits the ground below, it has 800 J of kinetic energy. If she were to throw the stone horizontally outward from the cliff with the same initial speed of 30 m/s, how much kinetic energy would it have just before it hits the ground? (Assume air resistance is negligible.)

Regarding a crate pulled by a donkey up an inclined plane at a constant speed, which of the following statements is false?

Complete the following statement: A force that acts on an object is said to be conservative if

Under what condition is kinetic energy conserved in a collision?

Which of the following equations represents the conservation of momentum in a collision between two objects?

A 4 kg ball moving at 5 m/s strikes a 2 kg ball at rest in a perfectly elastic collision. What is conserved in this collision?

What does $v_1'$ represent in the context of collision equations?

What simplified equation can be used in perfectly elastic collisions, in addition to the conservation of momentum?

A 4 kg ball (m1) moves east at 5 m/s and strikes a 2 kg ball (m2) at rest. According to the conservation of momentum, which equation is correct?

In a perfectly elastic collision, a 4 kg ball moving at 5 m/s strikes a 2 kg ball at rest. Which equation derived from the conservation of kinetic energy is correct?

What is the first step in solving a system of equations to find the final velocities in a perfectly elastic collision?

Given two equations derived from conservation of momentum and kinetic energy in a collision, what mathematical operation is typically performed to solve for the final velocities?

In the collision described, after finding $v_2'$ to be 6.67 m/s, how is $v_1'$ calculated?

A 4 kg ball moving at 5 m/s strikes a 2 kg ball at rest in a perfectly elastic collision. The 2 kg ball moves to the right at 6.67 m/s after the collision. At what velocity does the 4 kg ball move?

After calculating the final velocities in a collision, why is it important to verify the conservation of momentum?

In the example, how does comparing the total momentum before and after the collision validate the results?

What does the approximate equality of total kinetic energy before and after a collision indicate?

Given a perfectly elastic collision, which statement about the system's total kinetic energy and momentum is correct?

A 4 kg ball moving at 5 m/s collides with a 2 kg ball at rest. If the collision is perfectly elastic, what is the kinetic energy of the system before the collision?

What is the primary reason for using a system of equations in solving collision problems?

A 5 kg ball collides with a 3 kg ball initially at rest. After the collision, the 5 kg ball's velocity is 2 m/s. If the collision is perfectly elastic, what additional information do you need to determine the final velocity of the 3 kg ball?

When validating the conservation of kinetic energy using the equation $0.5 * m_1 * v_1^2 + 0.5 * m_2 * v_2^2 = 0.5 * m_1 * v_1'^2 + 0.5 * m_2 * v_2'^2$, what does a significant difference between the left and right sides of the equation suggest?

A 4 kg ball moving at 5 m/s strikes a 2 kg ball at rest. If, after the collision, the 2 kg ball is observed to move at 8 m/s, what can be concluded about the nature of the collision without performing detailed calculations?

In solving for final velocities after a perfectly elastic collision, under what circumstances would simplifying the calculations and equations be most beneficial?

Consider a scenario where a moving billiard ball strikes an identical stationary ball in a perfectly elastic head-on collision on a frictionless table. What can be said about the motion of both balls immediately after the collision?

If a perfectly elastic collision occurs in two dimensions rather than one, how does this affect the equations needed to solve for the final velocities?

Two objects with equal kinetic energies undergo a perfectly inelastic collision. How is the kinetic energy of the system affected?

Two identical balls undergo a collision. Ball A is initially moving at a speed of $v$, and Ball B is at rest. After the collision, Ball A is at rest and Ball B is moving at speed $v$. Which of the following statements is accurate?

A 3 kg ball moving to the right at 6 m/s collides with a 2 kg ball moving to the left at 4 m/s. If the collision is perfectly elastic, what is the relative velocity of the two balls after the collision?

Consider a perfectly elastic collision between two objects of unequal mass. What is the maximum percentage of kinetic energy that can be transferred from the lighter object to the heavier object?

A rubber ball of mass $m$ is dropped onto a hard floor from a height $h$ and bounces back to a height of $h$. What is the impulse imparted to the ball by the floor?

A system consists of two blocks on a frictionless track. Block A, with a mass of $m$, is moving to the right at speed $v$. Block B also has the same mass, $m$ and sits at rest relative to block A's direction. The two blocks bounce off of each other elastically without any external forces. Which of the following statements is true?

Two balls are dropped from the same story building. The have the same mass, $m$. Ball A is dropped directly from the building without being thrown. Ball B is thrown from the building in the horizontal direction at velocity $v$. They both land at the same time. Which ball has more kinetic energy just before touching the ground?

Two cars collide head on. Both cars have the same mass and are traveling at the same rate of speed. The collision is perfectly inelastic. What can be assumed about this system?

What is the main difference between an inelastic and an elastic collision?

A 2.0 kg block travels on a rough horizontal surface and strikes a spring of force constant 3.0 N/m. The speed of the block when it strikes the spring is 2.0 m/s. If the kinetic friction force between the block and surface is 17.0 N, what is the maximum distance the spring is compressed?

Two cars are heading towards each other on the same street. The first has twice the mass of the other. The first also has half the velocity of the other. What type of collision will result, and how is kinetic energy affected?

A 2 kg ball (ball-A) is attached to a 4 meter long string. It is then released when the string is horizontal. At the very bottom of its path, it collides with 4 kg ball (ball-B). The collision is perfectly elastic. What is speed of ball-B after the collision?

Under what condition would decreasing the mass of an object increase its momentum?

How does a softer collision surface that increases collision time affect the system's momentum given that impulse is constant?

Consider two cars of identical mass approaching an intersection. One is traveling north at 20 m/s and the other is heading east at also 20 m/s. Assuming the cars stick together after the collision, what is true regarding their momentum?

Imagine playing pool. You strike the cue ball perfectly center. After the cue ball collides with another ball, what is the immediate, primary transformation that occurs?

How is the motion of a spacecraft affected when it expels exhaust gases?

Under what condition would the concept of the 'center of mass' stay at rest during a collision?