Understanding Metabolism and Energy Production

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What is the molecular formula of glucose, fructose, and galactose?

C₆H₁₂O₆ (correct)

C₅H₁₀O₅

C₇H₁₄O₇

C₈H₁₆O₈

What needs to happen to disaccharides before they can be used by organisms?

They need to be mixed with water to break down

They need to be cooled to break down

They need to be heated to break down

They need to be broken down into two monosaccharide units (correct)

What is the result when two amino acids are joined together?

Dipeptide (correct)

Polypeptide

Tripeptide

Pentapeptide

What is the function of actin and myosin proteins in the body?

Aiding in muscle contraction Signup and view all the answers

What type of carbohydrate is made up of many glucose molecules bonded together in a long chain?

Polysaccharide Signup and view all the answers

How many amino acids are the building blocks of proteins?

20 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the protein hemoglobin in RBC?

To carry oxygen through the blood stream Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue connects a muscle with some other parts of the body?

Tendon Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of enzymes in cells?

To control chemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antibodies in the body?

To help fight off the invasion of viruses and bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of lipids that distinguishes them from carbohydrates?

Less oxygen than in carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the skeleton of vertebrate embryos?

Cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the amount of adenine and thymine in DNA?

The amount of adenine always equals the amount of thymine Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the combination of all chemical changes that occur in an organism?

Metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of the bonding between the two strands of nucleotides in DNA?

Hydrogen bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the action of enzymes and proteins on the DNA molecule?

One strand can unwind from the other, exposing nucleotide bases Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for organisms?

Compounds containing energy-rich chemical bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of carbohydrates in organisms?

Storage of energy and provision of shape Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the uniform bonding pattern in DNA molecules?

It is the foundation for the unity and diversity of life Signup and view all the answers

What are the three classes of carbohydrates?

Sugars, starches, and cellulose Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of nucleotides that pair with exposed bases during DNA replication?

Free nucleotides in the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ATP in the body?

Chief energy source Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape formed by the two strands of nucleotides in DNA?

A double helix Signup and view all the answers

What is common to all organic compounds?

Presence of carbon atoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of each 'old' strand in DNA replication?

Serving as a structural pattern for the addition of bases Signup and view all the answers

What is the base-pairing rule that governs DNA replication?

A-T, C-G, T-A, G-C Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between DNA and RNA molecules?

DNA has a ribose sugar, while RNA has a deoxyribose sugar Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of creating an RNA molecule from a DNA template called?

Transcription Signup and view all the answers

What is the base that pairs with adenine in RNA?

Uracil Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of DNA polymerases in DNA repair?

Excising and fixing altered parts of the base sequence Signup and view all the answers