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Understanding Mercy Petitions in India
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Understanding Mercy Petitions in India

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the primary purposes of the India Post Payments Bank (IPPB)?

  • Interest-free loans to rural areas
  • Postal insurance services
  • Asset management for public funds
  • Digital banking services (correct)

    • Which type of postal service caters specifically to the E-commerce sector?

  • Registered post
  • Express parcel
  • Business parcel (correct)
  • International speed post

    • What significant postal system was introduced in 1972 to enhance mail sorting?

  • Postal Insurance policies
  • PIN Code System (correct)
  • Express parcel system
  • Monthly income schemes

    • What year was Speed Post launched, making it a leader in the express delivery industry in India?

    <p>1986</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act introduced uniform postage rates in India?

    <p>India Post Office Act of 1854</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What service allows customers to pay monthly utility bills through the postal system?

    <p>Bill Payments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many post offices does India Post have, making it one of the largest postal networks in the world?

    <p>Over 150,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What recent act is expected to introduce a new system for address identification?

    <p>India Post Office Act 2023</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which river is NOT mentioned as a major river in Kerala?

    <p>Ganges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest peak in Kerala?

    <p>Anamudi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state has the highest literacy rate in India?

    <p>Kerala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which national park is NOT located in Kerala?

    <p>Kaziranga</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the richest temple in the world?

    <p>Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classical dance form is NOT associated with Kerala?

    <p>Bharatanatyam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does Kerala typically receive its first monsoon rains?

    <p>Early June</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What agricultural product is NOT predominantly produced in Kerala?

    <p>Cotton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a mercy petition?

    <p>To request clemency and address judicial errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which article of the Indian Constitution grants the President the power to issue pardons?

    <p>Article 72</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors are considered when reviewing a mercy petition?

    <p>Health, mental fitness, and financial condition of the family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which judicial ruling clarified that the pardoning power of the President is exercised on the advice of the Council of Ministers?

    <p>Maru Ram v.Union of India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must occur for a mercy petition to go through judicial review?

    <p>Proof of maladministration in the original trial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Supreme Court ruling in Shatrugan Chauhan v.State of U.P. concerning mercy petitions?

    <p>Delays in deciding can be grounds for commuting death sentences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the 'rarest of rare' doctrine established in Bachan Singh v.State of Punjab?

    <p>It determines when death penalty should be applied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who recently rejected Arif's mercy petition?

    <p>President Droupadi Murmu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expanded maximum limit for detention in police custody as per the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) 2024?

    <p>90 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clause of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita recognizes murder based on race, caste, or community as a separate offense?

    <p>Clause 103</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the new criminal laws, including Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, come into force?

    <p>1 July 2024</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which application has been developed by NIC for facilitating aspects of the judicial process?

    <p>eSuraksha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of Cabinet Committees were recently reconstituted by the Union government?

    <p>Standing and ad hoc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which article of the Constitution provides the basis for the functioning of Cabinet Committees?

    <p>Article 77</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes the functions of Cabinet Committees?

    <p>They serve as task forces for specific governmental issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many sections does the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2024 have?

    <p>358</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical timing for the election of the Deputy Speaker in the Lok Sabha?

    <p>Either first or second session of Lok Sabha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstances does the Deputy Speaker vacate their office?

    <p>Ceasing to be a member, resignation, or removal by the House</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these historical figures has NOT served as an opposition Deputy Speaker?

    <p>M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha during a debate?

    <p>To maintain order and ensure smooth conduct of business</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can the Speaker of the Lok Sabha exercise a casting vote?

    <p>In the event of a tie during voting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the Speaker of the Lok Sabha elected?

    <p>By members of the Lok Sabha among themselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Speaker of the Lok Sabha determine regarding bills?

    <p>Whether a bill is a money bill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which power does the Speaker NOT have under the 10th Schedule of the Indian Constitution?

    <p>Removals of Deputy Speakers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mercy Plea Rejections

    • President Droupadi Murmu rejected Arif's mercy petition.
    • This was her second rejection since assuming office in July 2022.
    • A previous rejection involved Vasant Sampat Dupare's plea in April 2023.

    Understanding Mercy Petitions

    • A mercy petition is a formal request for clemency to the President or Governor.
    • It addresses potential judicial errors and aims for justice correction.
    • The practice is used globally, including in the USA, UK, Canada, and India.

    Constitutional Basis for Mercy Petitions

    • Article 72 grants the President powers of pardon, reprieve, respite, remission, or commutation of sentences.
    • Article 161 provides similar powers to state Governors.

    Grounds for Mercy Petitions

    • Convict's health, mental state, and family's financial situation are considered.
    • Judicial review is possible, but limited to issues like lack of application of mind, bad faith, or exclusion of relevant information.

    Key Judicial Rulings on Mercy Petitions

    • Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab (1980) established the "rarest of rare" standard for the death penalty.
    • Maru Ram v. Union of India (1981) clarified that pardoning power is exercised on the advice of the Council of Ministers.
    • Kehar Singh v. Union of India (1989) detailed the scope of the President's pardoning power.
    • Shatrugan Chauhan v. State of U.P. (2014) linked inordinate delays in deciding mercy petitions to the commutation of death sentences.

    India Post

    • Services include: domestic and international mail (speed post, registered post, etc.), financial services (savings accounts, insurance), bill payments, retail services, e-commerce deliveries, and philately.
    • It's the world's largest postal network, with over 150,000 post offices.
    • The PIN code system was introduced in 1972.
    • Speed Post launched in 1986.

    Lok Sabha Deputy Speaker

    • The Deputy Speaker's term is tied to the Lok Sabha's dissolution.
    • They vacate office upon ceasing to be a member, resignation, or removal by a house majority vote (Article 94).
    • The opposition has held this position under various administrations.

    Lok Sabha Speaker

    • The Speaker presides over the Lok Sabha.
    • Responsibilities include maintaining order, deciding points of order, ensuring smooth business conduct.
    • They certify money bills (final decision), and have voting rights (casting vote in a tie).
    • Disqualification powers exist under the 10th Schedule (defection).
    • They preside over joint parliamentary sessions.
    • Elected by Lok Sabha members, typically serving a five-year term, removable by a majority resolution.

    Kerala

    • Capital: Thiruvananthapuram.
    • Area: 38,863 sq km.
    • Population: Approximately 3.34 crore.
    • Official Language: Malayalam.
    • Major Rivers: Periyar, Pamba, Bharathapuzha.
    • Highest Peak: Anamudi (2,695 meters).
    • National Parks include Eravikulam, Periyar, and Silent Valley.
    • Highest literacy rate in India (96.2%).
    • Highest HDI among Indian states.
    • Known for spice production, rubber, coconut, tea, coffee, and pepper.
    • First state to receive monsoon rains.
    • Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple is considered the richest temple globally.
    • Celebrated festivals include Onam, Vishu, and Thrissur Pooram.
    • A global hub for Ayurveda.

    Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2024

    • Contains 358 sections, a reduction from 511 sections in the Indian Penal Code (IPC).
    • Clause 103 recognizes murder based on race, caste, or community as a separate offense.

    Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) 2024

    • Expands maximum police custody detention to 90 days (from 15 days in CrPC).

    New Criminal Laws Implementation

    • The BNS, BNSS, and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) came into force on July 1, 2024.

    e-Governance initiatives

    • eSakshya, NyayShruti, and eSummon applications facilitate various judicial processes (videography, hearings, summons).

    Cabinet Committees

    • The Union government reconstituted eight Cabinet Committees.
    • They are categorized as standing (permanent) and ad hoc (temporary).
    • Established under the Government of India Transaction of Business Rules, 1961, based on Article 77(3) of the Constitution.

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    THE CLAT POST - JULY 2024.pdf

    Description

    This quiz explores the concept of mercy petitions, focusing on the constitutional and judicial framework in India. Learn about the powers granted to the President and Governors, grounds for petition acceptance, and notable rejections in recent history. Test your knowledge on how justice is sought through these formal requests for clemency.

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