Understanding Media Literacy

Media

• The main means of mass communication include broadcasting, publishing, and the Internet.
• Media is the means by which something is communicated or expressed.

Information

• Information refers to knowledge obtained from investigation, study, or instruction.
• The giving or receiving of knowledge or intelligence constitutes information.

Technology

• Technology applies scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry.
• Machinery and equipment developed from the application of scientific knowledge are examples of technology.

Literacy

• Literacy is the ability to read, write, speak, and listen in a way that allows effective communication and comprehension of the world.
• UNESCO defines literacy as the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate, and compute using printed and written materials in varying contexts (2009).

Media Literacy

• Media literacy embodies the ability to apply critical thinking skills to messages, signs, and symbols transmitted through mass media.
• Critical thinking, analysis, evaluation, reflection, and self-assessment through different forms of media enables identification of relevant information and evaluation of information sources.
• Media literacy enables more responsible online presence.
• The components of media literacy include decoding media messages, assessing message influence, and creating media thoughtfully and conscientiously.

Information Literacy

• Information literacy is a set of abilities for individuals to recognize when information is needed.
• It also involves the ability to locate, evaluate, and use the needed information effectively, identify the required information, determine its extent and locate relevant sources.

Technology Literacy

• Technology literacy is the ability to use, comprehend, manage, and analyze technology safely, effectively, and responsibly.
• This literacy includes using technology to evaluate, create, and integrate information to responsibly, appropriately and effectively use technology tools to access, manage, integrate, evaluate, create and communicate information.
• Exercising technology includes content creation, communication, research, problem-solving, collaboration, critical thinking, and creativity.

Extras

• Digital Literacy is an umbrella term that often includes aspects of media Literacy, information literacy, and technology literacy.
• Media Literacy is specifically concerned with media content and its effects.
• Information Literacy focuses on the skills needed to find and use information effectively.
• Technology Literacy deals with the technical skills and understanding of how technology works.
• Skills relating to technology literacy include critical evaluation of sources, making well-informed choices, and leveraging technology tools

Issue

• An issue is an important topic or problem for debate or discussion.
• It is also known as problems or difficulties, especially with a service or facility.

Challenges

• A challenge is a call to take part in a competition or an attempt to win a contest.
• It is also known to test someone's ability.

Opportunities and Power

• Both refer to a chance or a set of circumstances that makes it possible to do something.

Issue Examples

• Copyright grants rights to creators over their artistic work, preventing unauthorized use without consent.
• Cyberbullying means using digital tools to harass, threaten, or embarrass someone.
• Cybercrime: criminal activity involving a computer, networked device, or network.
• Digital Divide: unequal distribution of technology in society.
• Netiquette is the use of good manners in online communication.

Mark Joseph Solis

• Amateur Photographer and University of the Philippines graduate Mark Joseph Solis apologized for plagiarizing an entry originally belonging to Brazil-based social worker Gregory John Smith and it won him the top prize at the 2nd Calidad Humana National Essay Photography Competition.

Challenges Examples

• Hacking habitual altering and illegally using computer software and hardware to access information stores on another computer or to spread computer malware such as viruses, worms, and etc.
• Phishing is an illegal attempt to obtain personal information for malicious reasons.
• Digital Piracy copies, duplicates, or shares digital work without ownership rights.
• Identity Theft obtains personal or financial information for unauthorized activities.
• Cyber Defamation publishes false, damaging statements about a person or company.

Opportunities Examples

• In economics, opportunities improve efficiency and information for decision-making.
• In education, opportunities involve teaching critical analysis of media for media literacy.
• In social contexts, opportunities promote timely communication, awareness, or announcements.
• In politics, opportunities disseminate news, influence opinions, and shape agendas.

Media and Communication Effects

• The media and information affect communication in the following aspects: Transmission, Processing of the message, Way of writing, Way of conversation, and way of interaction.

Implications in Quality of Life and Political Participation

• Quality of Life: improved communication, information access, convenient research, long-distance connections, and entertainment options have improved the quality of life.
• Political participation: media fosters greater engagement, informs the public and government, and encourages active involvement in political affairs.

Economic Opportunities

• Economic opportunities promote free or paid consumption of materials made possible by the new media, or platforms.
• Content creators are paid to display ads.
• Creates new job opportunities in managing social platform content

Learning Environments

• Education is advanced through interactive media platforms.
• Knowledge is more accessible.
• Information is more easily accessed and utilized.
• Resources can be improvised for customized learning.

Social Units

• Social is units promote team cohesion and bonding.
• People are more connected than before
• People can develop camaraderie.
• Allows the building of support groups.

Professionalism

• Builds professional networks.
• Easier to search for jobs.
• Allows convenient job hunting.
• Allows for remote work.

Negatives

• Psychosocial Development issues can arise.
• Can cause belief in false realities.
• Can cause distraction.
• Promotes cyberbullying.
• Can lead to addiction.

Copyright

• Copyrights give the owner of the work the right to control and be paid for reproduction of that work.

Forms of Plagiarism

• An act of using or copying someone else's work.
• Done deliberately with fraudulent intent
• illegal under the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012

Direct plagiarism

• Copying someone else's work word for word and presenting as one's own

Inaccurate Authorship

• Claiming credit without contributing to the work done

Mosaic Plagiarism

• Borrowing from material source while keeping the work's meaning

Paraphrasing Plagiarism

• Presenting work that summarizes another's work

Self-Plagiarism

• Resubmitting old work as new

Images Plagiarism and Music plagiarism

• Images Plagiarism: Stealing protected images
• Music plagiarism: copy and use protected songs

Ways to avoid plagiarizing:

• Paraphrasing to show your understanding of ideas.
• Summarize ideas to avoid writing walls of text.

Preventing Plagiarism

• Copyright notice: The copyright owner has the right to decide if others can use their work

Fake News

• Fake news can include lies or propaganda created to economically influence its audience.
• Fake news sites operate under similar names and addresses to those of real news sites.
• Those caught producing fake news can be charged

Clickbait

• Clickbait is made to generate traffic to a site through interesting headlines.

Propaganda

• Propaganda uses misleading ideas designed to discredit other points of view.

Satire/ Parody

• Satire/parody uses humor to expose corruption, and should be viewed as comedic.

Inoculation Theory.

• Inoculation theory claims that prior knowledge may help someone discern misleading information.

Common Manipulation Technique

• Using emotional language, scapegoating, ad hominem or false dichotomy.

Fake News

• Fabricated stories with no verifiable facts, sources, or quotations.
• Digital divides are brought about by economic status.
• Cyberbullying uses electronic technology of online bullying.
• Cybercrime is a violation of the Cybercrime Act of 2012.

Traditional and New Media

• Traditional media relies on products and services that send information without computers or the Internet.

• This include the usage of advertising and marketing strategies

• New media relies on the Internet and is highly digital.

• This refers to the use of internet mediums that can be user-created.(Blogs, digital newspapers, videos, social media.)

Communication

• Sending information through speech, writing, and representation of ideas.
• The creation and exchange of meaning.