24 Questions
What is the definition of portal hypertension?
Elevation of portal venous pressure to at least 10 mmHg
What are varices in the context of liver disease?
Distended, tortuous, collateral veins associated with portal hypertension
What causes splenomegaly in the context of liver disease?
Increased splenic vein pressure caused by portal hypertension
What is hepatopulmonary syndrome associated with?
Portal hypertension and severe liver disease
What is the definition of ascites?
Accumulation and sequestration of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
What causes hepatic encephalopathy?
Impaired cerebral function caused by blood-borne toxins not metabolized by the liver
What is the most serious complication of liver disease according to the text?
Portal hypertension
What is the cause of splenomegaly in the context of liver disease?
Increased splenic vein pressure caused by portal hypertension
What is the relationship between portal hypertension and varices?
Varices are associated with portal hypertension
What is the result of increased resistance to venous flow in the portal vein and its tributaries?
Portal hypertension
What is the cause of splenomegaly in the context of liver disease?
Increased splenic vein pressure caused by portal hypertension
What is the definition of hepatopulmonary syndrome?
Pulmonary hypertension related to the release of vasodilators affecting pulmonary arterioles associated with portal hypertension and severe liver disease
What is the chief clinical manifestation of hepatorenal syndrome?
Oliguria
What causes hemolytic jaundice?
Destruction of red blood cells exceeding the liver's capacity
What is the mode of transmission for HAV and HEV?
Fecal-oral route
What is the irreversible inflammatory disease of the liver that causes disorganization of lobular structure, fibrosis, and nodular regeneration?
Cirrhosis
What is the result of bile aggregation of cholesterol crystals or precipitates of unconjugated bilirubin?
Cholelithiasis
What is the mode of transmission for HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HEV?
Parenteral and sexual transmission
What is the mode of transmission for HAV?
Fecal-oral route
What is the manifestation of the prodromal phase (stage 1) of viral hepatitis?
Fever, malaise, anorexia, and liver enlargement
What is the manifestation of the icteric phase (stage 2) of viral hepatitis?
Jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia
What can chronic active hepatitis predispose to?
Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma
What is the result of bile duct obstruction outside the liver with increased pressure in the hepatic bile ducts?
Secondary biliary cirrhosis
What is the manifestation of the recovery phase (stage 3) of viral hepatitis?
Resolution of symptoms
Test your knowledge of liver disorders and their complications with this quiz on "Disorders of the Accessory Organs of Digestion." Learn about portal hypertension, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, jaundice, and hepatorenal syndrome, and their impact on the liver's function.
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